DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Dietary Energy Level and Slaughter Weight on Growth Performance and Grades and Quality Traits of the Carcass in Finishing Pigs

비육돈에서 사료의 에너지 수준과 도살체중이 성장성적과 도체의 등급 및 육질특성에 미치는 영향

  • Park, Man-Jong (Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Jeong, Jin-Yeun (Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Ha, Duck-Min (Regional Animal Industry Center, Jinju National University) ;
  • Han, Jeong-Cheol (Regional Animal Industry Center, Jinju National University) ;
  • Sim, Tae-Geon (Regional Animal Industry Center, Jinju National University) ;
  • Park, Byung-Chul (CJ Corp.) ;
  • Park, Gu-Boo (Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Joo, Seon-Tea (Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, Chul-Young (Regional Animal Industry Center, Jinju National University)
  • 박만종 (경상대학교 동물자원과학부) ;
  • 정진연 (경상대학교 동물자원과학부) ;
  • 하덕민 (진주산업대학교 동물생명산업센터) ;
  • 한정철 (진주산업대학교 동물생명산업센터) ;
  • 심태건 (진주산업대학교 동물생명산업센터) ;
  • 박병철 (씨제이제일제당주식회사) ;
  • 박구부 (경상대학교 동물자원과학부) ;
  • 주선태 (경상대학교 동물자원과학부) ;
  • 이철영 (진주산업대학교 동물생명산업센터)
  • Received : 2009.03.10
  • Accepted : 2009.04.11
  • Published : 2009.04.01

Abstract

(Y $\times$ L) $\times$ D-crossbred gilts and barrows weighing $80.2\pm0.2$ kg were fed a "medium-energy" (ME) or "low-energy" (LE) diet (3.2 vs 3.0 M cal DE/kg) and slaughtered at 110, 125, or 138 kg, after which physicochemical and sensory quality traits of major primal cuts of resulting carcasses were analyzed, under a 2 (sex) $\times$ 2 (diet) $\times$ 3 (slaughter weight; SW) factorial arrangement of treatments. The ADG and ADFI were greater (P<0.01) in barrows than in gilts and also in 125- and 138-kg vs 110-kg SW. Moreover, ADG and gain:feed were greater in ME vs LE (P<0.01), whereas ADFI was greater in LE vs ME (P<0.01). Backfat thickness, which increased with increasing SW (P<0.01), was not affected by sex or diet. Carcass marbling score was greater (P<0.01) in gilts and LE than in barrows and ME, respectively. Carcass quality grade, which was superior in LE vs ME, was not affected by SW, whereas the yield grade decreased abruptly between 125- and 138-kg SW primarily due to the upper limit of carcass weight imposed on the A and B grades. Physicochemical characteristics including pH, drip loss, and variables pertaining to color of belly, ham, and loin were not affected significantly by any of the treatment factors, albeit statistically significant in some cases, in terms of quality criteria. In sensory evaluation, the acceptability of fresh belly was not influenced by any of the treatment factors. Marbling score of fresh ham was greater in LE vs ME (P<0.01) and tended to increase between 110- and 125-kg SW (P=0.10); in loin, the increase of this variable between the two SW was significant (P<0.01). Following cooking, LE was superior to ME in the acceptability in belly and ham, but the effect of SW was insignificant in any of the sensory quality traits evaluated in this study in any of the three major primal cuts. In conclusion, the present results suggest that SW can be increased to up to 138 kg without compromising carcass quality and that LE has some beneficial effects on quality of the whole carcass and the major primal cuts.

생체중 $80.2\pm0.2$ kg의(Y $\times$ L) $\times$ D 교잡종 암퇘지와 거세돼지에게 "중에너지" 혹은 "저에너지" (3.2 vs 3.0 Mcal DE/kg) 사료를 급여하고 110, 125, 혹은 138 kg에 도축한 다음 이들 도체의 주요 부분육에 대한 이화학적 및 관능 품질 특성을 2(성) $\times$ 2 (사료) $\times$ 3 (도살체중) 요인분석 실험 설계 하에 본 실험을 수행하였다. 일당증체량과 일당사료 섭취량은 암퇘지에서보다 거세돼지에서 컸고(P<0.01), 110 kg 도살체중 구보다 125 및 138 kg 구가 컸다(P<0.01). 또한 일당증체량과 사료효율은 중에너지 구가 저에너지 구보다 컸던(P<0.01) 반면 일당사료섭취량은 저에너지 구가 중에너지 구보다 컸다(P<0.01). 등지방두께는 도살체중이 증가할수록 증가하였으나(P<0.01) 성 혹은 사료의 영향을 받지는 않았다. 도체의 지방침착도는 암퇘지와 저에너지 구가 각각 거세돼지와 중에너지 구보다 높았다(P<0.01). 육질등급은 저에너지 구가 중에너지 구보다 우수하였으나 도살체중의 영향은 받지 않은 반면 육량등급은 일차적으로 A와 B 등급에 요구되는 도체중 상한선 때문에 도살체중 125 kg과 138 kg 사이 급격히 저하되었다. 삼겹살, 뒷다리 및 등심의 pH, 육즙참출율 및 색깔관련 변수 등을 포함한 이화학적 특성에 있어서는 비록 몇몇 경우에는 통계적인 유의성이 발견되기는 하였으나 품질적인 척도에 있어서는 어느 처리요인의 영향도 받지 않았다. 관능평가에서 삼겹살 신선육의 기호도는 어느 처리 요인에 의해서도 영향 받지 않았다. 뒷다리 신선육의 상강도는 중에너지 대비 저에너지 구에서 높았고(P<0.01) 도살체중 110 kg과 125 kg 사이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며(P=0.10), 등심에서는 이들 두 도살체중 사이 본 변수의 증가는 유의성이 있었다(P<0.01). 가열육에서는 삼겹살과 뒷다리의 기호도에서 저에너지 구가 중에너지 구보다 우수하였으나 도살체중은 세 부위 모두에서 본 연구에서 평가된 모든 관능품질 특성에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 결론적으로 이상의 결과는 도체의 품질을 저하시키지 않고 도살체중을 138 kg 까지 높일 수 있고, 저에너지 사료는 도체 및 주요 부분육 품질에 다소간의 유익한 효과가 있음을 시사한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Cisneros, F., Ellis, M., McKeith, F. K., McCaw, J. and Fernando, R. L. 1996. Influence of slaughter weight on growth and carcass characteristics, commercial cutting and curing yields, and meat quality of barrows and gilts from two genotypes. J. Anim. Sci. 74:925-933. https://doi.org/10.2527/1996.745925x
  2. Joo, S. T., Kauffman, R. G., Kim, B. C. and Park, G. B. 1999. The relationship of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein solubility to colour and water-holding capacity in porcine longissimus muscle. Meat Sci. 52:291-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(99)00005-4
  3. Kim, Y. S., Kim, S. W., Weaver, M. A. and Lee, C. Y. 2005. Increasing the pig market weight: world trends, expected consequences and practical considerations. Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. 18:590-600. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.590
  4. Latorre, M. A., Lazaro, R., Valencia, D. G., Medel, P. and Mateos, G. G. 2004. The effects of gender and slaughter weight on the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality characteristics of heavy pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 82:526-533. https://doi.org/10.1093/ansci/82.2.526
  5. Lee, C. Y., Lee, H. P., Jeong, J. H., Baik, K. H., Jin, S. K., Lee, J. H. and Sohn, S. H. 2002. Effects of restricted feeding, low-energy diet, and implantation of trenbolone acetate plus estradiol on growth, carcass traits, and circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 in finishing barrows. J. Anim. Sci. 80:84-93. https://doi.org/10.2527/2002.80184x
  6. Martin, A. H., Sather, A. P., Fredeen, H. T. and Jolly, R. W. 1980. Alternative market weights for swine. II. Carcass composition and meat quality. J. Anim. Sci. 50:699-705. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1980.504699x
  7. Monin, G., Larzul, C., Le Roy, P., Culioli, J., Rousset-Akrim S., Talmant, A., Touraille, C. and Sellier, P. 1999. Effects of the halothane genotype and slaughter weight on texture of pork. J. Anim. Sci. 77:408-415. https://doi.org/10.2527/1999.772408x
  8. NASS. 2008. Hogs: Commercial Slaughter Average Liveweight by Month and Year, US. National Agricultural Statistics Service. http://www.nass.usda.gov/Charts_and _Maps
  9. NRC. 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 10th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
  10. SAS. 1996. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
  11. 농림부. 2005. “식육의 부위별.등급별 및 종류별 구분방법중 개정고시” 농림부 고시 제 2005-50호.
  12. 농림부. 2007. “축산물등급판정세부기준” 농림부고시 제2007-40호.
  13. 박만종, 정진연, 하덕민, 박재완, 심태건, 양한술, 박병철, 주선태, 이철영. 2009. 저에너지 사료로 비육된 돼지에서 도살체중과 성장성적 및 육질과의 관계. 한국동물자원과학회지 51(2):135-142.
  14. 박만종, 하덕민, 신호원, 이상훈, 김원기, 하승호, 양한술, 정진연, 주선태, 이철영. 2007. ‘고체중’ 출하돈의 성장효율, 도체 품질 특성 및 수익성. 한국동물자원과학회지 49:459-470. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2007.49.4.459
  15. 이철영, 권오천, 하덕민, 신호원, 이제룡, 하영주, 이진희, 하승호, 김원기, 김광위, 김두환. 2006. 110kg 대비 130kg에 도축된 비육돈의 성장효율, 도체품질 특성 및 수익성. 한국동물자원과학회지 48:493-502. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2006.48.4.493
  16. 이철영, 김민호, 하덕민, 박재완, 오관용, 이제룡, 하영주, 박병철. 2007. 비육후기 사료의 에너지 수준이 ‘고체중’ 출하돈의 성장효율 및 도체특성에 미치는 영향. 한국동물자원과학회지 49:471-480. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2007.49.4.471

Cited by

  1. The Effects of Immunocastration on Meat Quality and Sensory Properties of Pork Bellies vol.31, pp.3, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2011.31.3.372
  2. Feasibility of Increasing the Slaughter Weight of Finishing Pigs vol.53, pp.3, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2011.53.3.211
  3. Relationships of Muscle Fiber Characteristics to Dietary Energy Density, Slaughter Weight, and Muscle Quality Traits in Finishing Pigs vol.54, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2012.54.3.175
  4. Effects of the Low-Crude Protein and Lysine (Low CP/lys) Diet and a Yeast Culture Supplemented to the Low CP/lys Diet on Growth and Carcass Characteristics in Growing-finishing Pigs vol.54, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2012.54.6.427
  5. Effects of Plane of Nutrition on Growth Performance and Meat Quality Traits in Finishing Pigs vol.54, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2012.54.6.449
  6. Effects of Increasing Market Weight of Finishing Pigs on Backfat Thickness, Incidence of the 'Caky-fatty' Belly, Carcass Grade, and Carcass Quality Traits vol.55, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2013.55.3.195
  7. Effects of the Decreased Carcass Grade of Finishing Pigs due to Increasing Market Weight on Carcass Quality Traits and Physicochemical and Sensory Quality Characteristics of the Loin and Belly vol.55, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2013.55.3.203
  8. Effects of the Plane of Nutrition on Physicochemical Characteristics and Sensory Quality Traits of the Muscle in Finishing Pigs vol.34, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2014.34.4.516
  9. Assessment of growth performance and meat quality of finishing pigs raised on the low plane of nutrition vol.57, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40781-015-0070-4
  10. Effects of Carcass Weight and Back-fat Thickness on Carcass Properties of Korean Native Pigs vol.37, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.3.385
  11. Physicochemical properties of M. longissimus dorsi of Korean native pigs vol.60, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40781-018-0163-y