The Effects of Supungsunki-hwan on High Fat, High Carbohydrate Diet-induced Obese Type 2 Diabetic Mouse Model

수풍순기환 투여가 고지방, 고탄수화물 식이로 유발된 비만형 제2형 당뇨병 동물모델에 미치는 영향

  • Park, Jong-Seol (Dept. of Internal medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-hee University) ;
  • Lee, Byung-Cheol (Dept. of Internal medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-hee University) ;
  • Doo, Ho-Kyung (Dept. of Internal medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-hee University) ;
  • Ahn, Young-Min (Dept. of Internal medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-hee University) ;
  • Ahn, Se-Young (Dept. of Internal medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-hee University)
  • 박종설 (경희대학교 한의과대학 신계내과학교실) ;
  • 이병철 (경희대학교 한의과대학 신계내과학교실) ;
  • 두호경 (경희대학교 한의과대학 신계내과학교실) ;
  • 안영민 (경희대학교 한의과대학 신계내과학교실) ;
  • 안세영 (경희대학교 한의과대학 신계내과학교실)
  • Published : 2009.06.30

Abstract

Objective : Obesity is an important cause of diabetes, and lipotoxicity causes insulin resistance. Recently a lot of research is being done on PPAR-${\alpha}$. TNF-${\alpha}$. adiponectin, and leptin, which are important obesity related factors. In this study, we investigated the effects of Supungsunki-hwan on high fat. high carbohydrate diet-induced obese type 2 diabetic mouse models. Methods: Diabetes was induced in ICR male mouse (30${\pm}$5g) with Surwit's high fat, high sucrose diet. Mice were divided into 4 groups(n=10) of Normal. Control. Supungsunkj-hwan group. and acarbose group. The Supungsunki-hwsn group was given 10% Supungsunkj-hwan in their diet. and the acarbose group was given 0.5% acarbose in their diet. After 6 weeks. body weight. food intake, FBS and OGTT. lipid profile and liver enzymes, epididymal fat weight, and gene expression of leptin, adiponectin, TNF-${\alpha}$ and PPAR-${\alpha}$ were measured. Leptin. adiponectin. tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-${\alpha}$ were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results : Supungsunkj-hwan increased the gene expression of PPAR-${\alpha}$, which reduces lipotoxicity and insulin resistance. Supungsunkj-hwan also significantly reduced triglyceride. AST. ALT serum levels. and 1 hour oral glucose tolerance levels. Conclusion : These results show that Supungsunkj-hwan improves insulin resistance in the liver and muscles, by reducing triglyceride levels and lipotoxicity through increased PPAR-${\alpha}$ gene expression. This is supported by the fact that Supungsunkj-hwan significantly reduces 1 hour oral glucose tolerance levels. Therefore we suggest that Supungsunkj-hwan would be an effective treatment for obese type 2 diabetic patients.

Keywords

References

  1. 대한당뇨병학회. 픽업의 핵심 당뇨병학. 서울: E PUBLIC;2006, p. 2-4.
  2. 안영민. 한방으로 이겨내는 당뇨병. 홍신문화사; 2003, p. 14-6.
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults with diagnosed diabetes-united states, 1988-1994and1999-2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004;53(45):1066-8.
  4. Schwartz MS, Chadha A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in childhood: Obesity and insulin resistance. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2008;108(9):518-24.
  5. Ioannidis I. The road from obesity to type 2 diabetes. Angiology. 2008;59(2 Suppl ):39S-43S. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003319708318583
  6. Trayhurn P, Wood IS. Adipokines: Inflammation and the pleiotropic role of white adipose tissue. Br J Nutr. 2004;92(3):347-55. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN20041213
  7. Javor ED, Cochran EK, Musso C, Young JR, Depaoli AM, Gorden P. Long-term efficacy of leptin replacement in patients with generalized lipodystrophy. Diabetes. 2005;54(7):1994-2002. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.54.7.1994
  8. Korner A, Kratzsch J, Gausche R, Schaab M, Erbs S, Kiess W. New predictors of the metabolic syndrome in children-role of adipocytokines. Pediatr Res. 2007;61(6):640-5. https://doi.org/10.1203/01.pdr.0000262638.48304.ef
  9. 김두만. Adiponectin과 혈관질환. Biowave Vol. 8 No.11 2006.
  10. 이문규. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- $\alpha$ (PPAR- $\alpha$)와 죽상경화증. Biowave Vol 8. No.17 2006.
  11. Bastard JP, Maachi M, Lagathu C, Kim MJ, Caron M, Vidal H et al. Recent advances in the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2006;17(1):4-12.
  12. Lefebvre P, Chinetti G, Fruchart JC, Staels B. Sorting out the roles of PPAR alpha in energy metabolism and vascular homeostasis. J Clin Invest. 2006;116(3):571-80. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI27989
  13. 권건혁. 편집 황제내경. 서울: 도서출판 반룡; 2000, p. 77, 120.
  14. 이천. 편주의학입문. 서울: 남산당.
  15. 허준. 편집 동의보감. 서울: 도서출판 반룡;p. 210.
  16. 이병철, 권영구, 최기림, 이진신, 안영민, 안세영 등. 수풍순기환이 내당능장애 환자와 경증 당뇨병환자의 혈당조절에 미치는 영향. 대한반방내과학회지. 2001;22(3):285-90.
  17. 이성현, 안세영, 두호경, 정성현. db/db 마우스 에서 수풍순기환의 혈당강하 활성 및 기전연구. 응용약물학회지. 1999;7:335-41.
  18. 배미라, 정성현. 고지방식이 섭취 마우스에서 수풍순기환과 분할처방들의 혈당강하활성 및 기전. 경희약대논문집. 2000;Vol 28:101-8.
  19. Bays H, Mandarino L, DeFronzo RA. Role of the adipocyte, free fatty acids, and ectopic fat in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor agonists providearationaltherapeuticapproach. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(2):463-78. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-030723
  20. Glass CK. Going nuclear in metabolic and cardiovascular disease. J Clin Invest. 2006;116(3):556-60. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI27913
  21. Haluzik MM, Haluzik M. PPAR-alpha and insulin sensitivity. Physiol Res. 2006;55(2) :115-22.
  22. Tsuchida A, Yamauchi T, Takekawa S, Hada Y, Ito Y, Maki T et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha activation increases adiponectin receptors and reduces obesity-related inflammation in adipose tissue: Comparison of activation of PPARalpha, PPARgamma, and their combination. Diabetes. 2005;54(12):3358-70. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.54.12.3358
  23. Ziouzenkova O, Perrey S, Asatryan L, Hwang J, MacNaul KL, Moller DE et al. Lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins generates PPAR ligands:Evidence for an antiinflammatory role for lipoprotein lipase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100(5):2730-5. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0538015100
  24. Tack CJ, Smits P. Thiazolidinedione derivatives in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Neth J Med. 2006;64(6):166-74.
  25. Scarpello JH, Howlett HC. Metformin therapy and clinical uses. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2008;5(3):157-67 https://doi.org/10.3132/dvdr.2008.027
  26. Hanefeld M. Cardiovascular benefits and safety profile of acarbose therapy in prediabetes and established type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2007;6:20. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-6-20
  27. Winzell MS, Ahren B. The high-fat diet-fed mouse: A model for studying mechanisms and treatment of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2004;53 Suppl 3:S215-9. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.53.suppl_3.S215