Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy (한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지)

The Korean Society for Marine Environment and Energy (한국해양환경•에너지학회)
권호 표지

Tidal variations of Nutrient Concentration in Hampyeong Bay, West coast of Korea

서해 함평만에서 조위변화에 따른 영양염 변동

  • 강미란 (한국해양연구원 남해특성연구부) ;
  • 임동일 (한국해양연구원 남해특성연구부) ;
  • 장풍국 (한국해양연구원 남해특성연구부) ;
  • 김기범 (경상대학교 해양과학대학 해양환경공학과) ;
  • 강영실 (국립수산과학원 해양환경연구본부)
  • Received : 2009.07.06
  • Accepted : 2009.08.07
  • Published : 2009.08.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In order to understand the circulation of nutrient between muddy tidal flat and the surrounding coastal area, tidal time-scale variations in nutrient concentrations were seasonally investigated at the entrance of Hampyeong Bay. The results show that the temperature was higher in ebb tide and lower in flood tide during the summer, but it was lower in ebb tide and higher in flood tide during the autumn/winter. The salinity was higher in flood tide and lower in ebb tide during the summer/winter because of the inflow of external sea water resulting from the increase in the tide level. By contrast, the salinity was lower in flood tide and higher in ebb tide during the autumn. Salinity difference was lower than 0.3 psu between flood tide and ebb tide during survey period. Meanwhile, all nutrient concentrations observed in Hampyeong Bay was lower in flood tide and higher in ebb tide during the summer, and by contrast, it was higher in flood tide and lower in ebb tide during the winter. Characteristically, no clear variation of concentrations was found depending on the tide level during the autumn. This tidal variations imply that the muddy tidal flat of Hampyeong Bay supplies nutrients to the seawater in summer and removes nutrient from the seawater in winter. During tidal cycle, seasonal variation of nutrient concentration in seawater is considered as the result of complex interactions between the mud flat and external sea water.

갯벌과 주변 연안역 사이의 물질순환, 특히 영양염 순환에 있어서의 갯벌의 역할을 이해하기 위해 서해 남부 해역의 대표적 갯벌인 함평만 입구에서 4차례(2008년 8월 5일과 18일, 2008년 10월 28일, 2009년 2월 9일)에 걸쳐 조위변화에 따른 영양염 변동을 조사하였다. 연구 결과에 의하면 수온은 조위변화에 따라 여름철 간조시 높고 만조시 낮은 반면, 가을과 겨울철은 간조시 낮고 만조시 높아 여름과 대조적인 경향을 보인다. 염분은 조위가 상승함에 따라 외해수가 유입되어 여름/겨울철에 만조시 높고, 간조시 낮은 일반적인 경향을 보이는 반면, 가을철에는 만조시 낮고 간조시 높은 반대의 경향을 보인다. 모든 계절에서 만조와 간조시 염분의 차는 0.3 psu미만이였다. 한편 함평만에서 관측된 모든 영양염은 조위변화에 따라 여름철 만조시 낮고 간조시 높은 반면, 겨울철은 만조시 높고 간조시 낮아 여름철과 반대의 패턴을 보인다. 특징적으로 가을철은 조위변화에 따른 뚜렷한 농도변동을 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 함평만 갯벌이 여름철에는 영양염의 공급원으로 겨울철에는 영양염의 제거원으로 작용하고 있음을 보여준다. 이와 같은 영양염 계절별 조위변동은 외해수와 갯벌에서의 영양염 농도 차이를 반영하는 것으로 갯벌과 외해수 사이의 상호 복합적인 요인에 의해 나타나는 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. 김도희, 양재삼, 2001, "곰소만에서의 오염물질 플럭스 및 탈질산화", 한국해양환경공학회지, 제4권, 32-41.
  2. 김동선, 김경희, 2008, "서해 근소만에서 영양염의 조석 및 계절 변화", Ocean and Polar Res, 제30권, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2008.30.1.001
  3. 나태희, 이동섭, 2005, "공극수 모델로 추정한 강화도 갯벌의 탈질산화 작용", 한국해양학회지, 제10권, 55-68.
  4. 양재삼, 김영태, 2002, "곰소만 조간대에서 인의 시공간적 분포", 한국해양학회지, 제7권, 171-180.
  5. 양재삼, 김기현, 김영태, 2003, "곰소만 조간대 해수 내 질소 성분의 시공간적 분포", 한국해양학회지, 제8권, 251-261.
  6. 조홍연, 구본주, 2008, "강화도 남단 조간대에서의 수온 및 염분 변동양상 분석", 한국해안, 해양공학회논문집, 제20권, 310-320.
  7. An, S. and Joye, S.B., 2001, "Enhancement of coupled nitrification- denitrification by benthic photosynthesis in shallow estuarine sediments", Limnol. Oceanogr., Vol. 46, 62-74. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2001.46.1.0062
  8. Balls, P. W., 1992, "Nutrient behaviour in two contrasting Scottish estuaries, the Forth and Tay", Oceanol. Acta., Vol. 15, 261-277.
  9. Bally, G., Mesnage, V., Deloffre, J., Clarisse, O., Lafite, R. and Dupont, J.-P., 2004, "Chemical characterization of porewaters in an intertidal mudflat of the Seine estuary: Relationship to erosion- deposition cycle", Mar. Poll. Bull., Vol. 49, 163-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.02.005
  10. Bates, M. H. and Neafus, N. J., 1980, "Phosphorus release from sediments from Lake Carl Blackwell, Oklahoma", Water Res., Vol. 14, 1477-1481. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(80)90013-5
  11. Billen G., Somville, M., De Becker E. and Servais, P., 1985, "A nitrogen budget of the Scheldt hydrographical basin", Neth. J. Sea Res., Vol. 19, 223-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/0077-7579(85)90027-4
  12. Billerbeck, M., Werner, U., Bosselmann, K., Walpersdorf. and Huettel, M., 2006, "Nutrient release from an exposed intertidal sand flat", Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., Vol. 316, 35-51. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps316035
  13. Chau, K. W., 2002, "Field measurements of SOD and sediment nutrient fluxs in a land-locked embayment in Hong Kong", Adv. Environ. Res., Vol. 6, 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1093-0191(00)00075-7
  14. Defant, A., 1961, Physical Oceanography, Vol. 1, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 729 pp.
  15. Dietrich, G., Kalle, K., Krauss, W. and Siegler, G., 1980, General Oceanography: An introduction, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 626 pp.
  16. Hu, W. F., Lo, W., Chua, H., Sin, S. N. and Yu, P. H. F., 2001, "Nutrient release and sediment oxygen demand in a eutrophic land-locked embayment in Hong Kong", Environ. Int., Vol. 26, 369-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(01)00014-9
  17. Kairesalo, T., Tuominen, L., Hartikainen, H. and Rankinen, K., 1995, "The role of bacteria in the nutrient exchange between sediment and water in a flow-through system", Microb. Ecol., Vol. 29, 129-144. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00167160
  18. Knowles, N., 2002, "Natural and management influences on freshwater inflows and salinity in the San francisco Estuary at monthly to interannual scales", Water Resour. Res., Vol. 38, 25 pp.
  19. Laima, M., Brossard, D., Sauriau, P.-G., Girard, M., Richard, P., Gouleau, D. and Joassard, L., 2002, "The influence of long emersion on biota, ammonium fluxes and nitrification in intertidal sediment of Marennes-Oléron Bay, France", Mar. Environ. Res., Vol. 53, 381-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1136(01)00126-X
  20. Lebo, M. E. and Sharp, J. H., 1992, "Modeling phosphorus cycling in a well-mixed coastal plain estuary", Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., Vol. 35, 235-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80046-0
  21. Grunwald, M., Dellwing, O., Liebezeit, G., Schnetger, B., Reuter, R. and Brumsack., H.-J., 2007, "A novel time-series station in the Wadden Sea (NW Germany): First results on continuous nutrient and methane measurements", Mar. Chem., Vol., 107, 411-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.04.003
  22. Mortimer, R. J. G., Davey, J. T., Krom, M. D., Watson, P. G., Frickers, P. E. and Clifton, R. J., 1999, "The effect of macrofauna on porewater profiles and nutrient fluxes in the intertidal zone of the Humber estuary", Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., Vol. 48, 683-699. https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1999.0479
  23. Neumann G., 1972, Precipitation, evaporation and monthly salinity variations in the inner gulf of Guinea near Equator, In: Gordon, A.L., and Breach, New York, Vol. 1, 19-48 pp.
  24. Pastuszak, M., Witek, Z., Nagel, K., Wielgat M. and Grelowski, A., 2005, "Role of the Oder estuary(southern Baltic) in transformation of the riverine nutrient loads", J. Mar. Syst., Vol. 57, 30-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.04.005
  25. Rahm, L., Conley, D. J., Sanden, P., Wulff. and Stalnacke, P., 1996, "Time series analysis of nutrient inputs to the Baltic Sea and changing DSi/DIN ratio", Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., Vol. 130, 221-228. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps130221
  26. Rendell, A. R., Horrobin, T. M., Jickells, T. D., Edmunds, H. M., Brown, J. and Malcolm, S., 1997, "Nutrient cycling in the Great Ouse estuary and its impact on nutrient fluxes to the Wash, England", Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., Vol. 45, 653-668. https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1996.0226
  27. Risgaard-Petersen, N., Rysgaard, S., Nielsen, L.P. and Revsbech, N.P., 1994, "Diurnal variations of denitrification and nitrification in sediments colonized by benthic microphytes", Limnol. Oceanogr., Vol. 39, 573-579. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1994.39.3.0573
  28. Vidal, M., 1994, "Phosphate dynamics tied to sediment disturbances in Alfacs Bay(NW Mediterranean)", Mar. Ecol., Vol. 110, 211-221. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps110211
  29. Zeitzschel, B. and Davies, J. M., 1978, "Benthic growth chambers. Rapp. R.-v. Reun", Cons. Int. Explor. Mer., Vol. 173, 31-42.