The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy

The Korean Society of Physical Therapy (대한물리치료학회)
권호 표지

Evaluation of Static Balance in Postural Tasks and Visual Cue in Normal Subjects

정상인의 자세와 시각 교란에 따른 정적 균형능력의 변화

  • Seo, Sam-Ki (Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Seonam University) ;
  • Kim, Soo-Hyun (Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Dongshin University) ;
  • Kim, Tae-Youl (Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Dongshin University)
  • 서삼기 (서남대학교 대학원 물리치료학과) ;
  • 김수현 (동신대학교 대학원 물리치료학과) ;
  • 김태열 (동신대학교 보건복지대학 물리치료학과)
  • Received : 2009.05.21
  • Accepted : 2009.09.26
  • Published : 2009.12.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: This study examined the difference in the static balance ability according to the visual cues and postural tasks in normal subjects. Methods: Thirty participants (12 male, 18 female; mean age $24.63\pm1.43$ years) stood barefoot on a force platform in a one-legged stance, tandem Romberg stance and tandem Romberg with neck extension stance with a visual cue open and closes. The static balance was assessed by the center of pressure (CoP), surface electromyography root mean square (RMS) of the leg muscles according to the stance position. Results: In the CoP tests, the difference in the unit path length and circumference area was affected by the visual cue according to the stance posture (p<0.01). In the RMS tests, the difference in the tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscle was affected by visual cue in accordance with the stance posture (p<0.01). Conclusion: The visual cue and postural task affect the balance ability in normal subjects. Therefore, this study provides clinical evidence that the balance and postural control can be improved. Therapeutic intervention, such as an obstacle course, and a lower leg muscle performance program with a change in the base of support can affect the balance and postural control.

Keywords

References

  1. Carr JH, Shepherd RB. Stroke rehabilitation: guidelines for exercise and training to optimize motor skill. Great Britain, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003:35-6.
  2. Cohen H, Blatchly CA, Gombash LL. A study of the clinical test of sensory interaction and balance. Phys Ther. 1993;73 (6):346-51; discussion 51-4.
  3. Horak FB, Shupert CL, Dietz V et al. Vestibular and somatosensory contributions to responses to head and body displacements in stance. Exp Brain Res. 1994;100(1):93-106.
  4. Inglis JT, Macpherson JM. Bilateral labyrinthectomy in the cat: Effects on the postural response to translation. J Neurophysiol. 1995;73(3):1181-91.
  5. Geurts AC, Ribbers GM, Knoop JA et al. Identification of static and dynamic postural instability following traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77(7):639-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(96)90001-5
  6. Horak FB, Henry SM, Shumway-Cook A. Postural perturbations: New insights for treatment of balance disorders. Phys Ther. 1997;77(5):517-33.
  7. Horak FB. Postural orientation and equilibrium: What do we need to know about neural control of balance to prevent falls? Age Ageing. 2006;35(2):7-11.
  8. Massion J, Amblard B, Assaiante C et al. Body orientation and control of coordinated movements in microgravity. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1998;28(1-2):83-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0173(98)00029-0
  9. Nashner LM, Black FO, Wall C 3rd. Adaptation to altered support and visual conditions during stance: patients with vestibular deficits. J Neurosci. 1982;2(5):536-44.
  10. Amiridis I, Arabatzi F, Violaris P et al. Static balance improvement in elderly after dorsiflexors electrostimulation training. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005;94(4):424-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-005-1326-3
  11. Bloem BR, Allum JH, Carpenter MG et al. Is lower leg proprioception essential for triggering human automatic postural responses? Exp Brain Res. 2000;130(3):375-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002219900259
  12. Carpenter MG, Allum JH, Honegger F. Vestibular influences on human postural control in combinations of pitch and roll planes reveal differences in spatiotemporal processing. Exp Brain Res. 2001;140(1):95-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002210100802
  13. Easton RD, Greene AJ, DiZio P et al. Auditory cues for orientation and postural control in sighted and congenitally blind people. Exp Brain Res. 1998;118(4):541-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002210050310
  14. Effgen SK. Effect of an exercise program on the static balance of deaf children. Phys Ther. 1981;61(6):873-7.
  15. Laukkanen H, Rabin J. A prospective study of the eyeport vision training system. Optometry. 2006;77(10):508-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optm.2006.06.008
  16. Lee SY, Son GS, Jeon HJ et al. The effects of therapeutic exercise on the balance and gait in older adults. J Kor Soc Phys Ther. 2007;19(2):1-10.
  17. Di Fabio RP, Badke MB. Stance duration under sensory conflict conditions in patients with hemiplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1991;72(5):292-5.
  18. Kitamura J, Nakagawa H, Iinuma K et al. Visual influence on center of contact pressure in advanced Parkinson's disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993;74(10):1107-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9993(93)90070-Q
  19. Paulus WM, Straube A, Brandt T. Visual stabilization of posture. Physiological stimulus characteristics and clinical aspects. Brain. 1984;107(Pt 4):1143-63. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/107.4.1143
  20. Scinicariello AP, Eaton K, Inglis JT et al. Enhancing human balance control with galvanic vestibular stimulation. Biol Cybern. 2001;84(6):475-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00007991
  21. Wilson VJ, Melvill Jones G. Mammalian vestibular physiology. New York and London, Plenum Press, 1979.
  22. Horak FB, Nashner LM, Diener HC. Postural strategies associated with somatosensory and vestibular loss. Exp Brain Res. 1990;82(1):167-77.
  23. Maurer C, Mergner T, Bolha B et al. Vestibular, visual, and somatosensory contributions to human control of upright stance. Neurosci Lett. 2000;281(2-3):99-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(00)00814-4
  24. Nolan L, Grigorenko A, Thorstensson A. Balance control: sex and age differences in 9- to 16-year-olds. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005;47(7):449-54. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162205000873
  25. Amiridis IG, Hatzitaki V, Arabatzi F. Age-induced modifications of static postural control in humans. Neurosci Lett. 2003;350(3):137-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(03)00878-4
  26. Berger L, Klein C, Commandeur M. Evaluation of the immediate and midterm effects of mobilization in hot spa water on static and dynamic balance in elderly subjects. Ann Readapt Med Phys. 2008;51(2):84-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annrmp.2007.10.006
  27. Winter DA, Prince F, Frank JS et al. Unified theory regarding A/P and M/L balance in quiet stance. J Neurophysiol. 1996;75(6):2334-43.
  28. Mynark RG, Koceja DM. Down training of the elderly soleus h reflex with the use of a spinally induced balance perturbation. J Appl Physiol. 2002;93(1):127-33.
  29. Day BL, Steiger MJ, Thompson PD et al. Effect of vision and stance width on human body motion when standing: Implications for afferent control of lateral sway. J Physiol. 1993;469:479-99.
  30. Chae YW, Lee HJ, Park JW. The effects of balance performance to forward bending posture and sudden load in subjects with low back pain. J Kor Soc Phys Ther. 2005;17(3):413-20.
  31. Lee SY, Lee MH, Park MC et al. The effects the type of canes-handle affects in recovering-balance of hemiplegic patients. J Kor Soc Phys Ther. 2008;20(4):7-14.
  32. Woollacott M, Shumway-Cook A, Hutchinson S et al. Effect of balance training on muscle activity used in recovery of stability in children with cerebral palsy: A pilot study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005;47(7):455-61. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162205000885
  33. Hatzitaki V, Amiridis IG, Arabatzi F. Aging effects on postural responses to self-imposed balance perturbations. Gait Posture. 2005;22(3):250-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2004.09.010
  34. Hwang TY, Kim YN, Kim TY et al. The change of postural sway of diabetic neuropathy by galvanic vestibular stimulation. J Kor Acad Clin Electrophysio. 2005;3(1):71-84.