KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research (대한토목학회논문집)

Korean Society of Civil Engeneers (대한토목학회)
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Evaluation of Equations for Estimating Pan Evaporation Considering Regional Characteristics

지역특성을 고려한 pan 증발량 산정식 평가

  • 임창수 (청운대학교 철도행정토목학과) ;
  • 윤세의 (경기대학교 토목환경공학부) ;
  • 송주일 (경기대학교 토목환경공학부)
  • Received : 2008.09.25
  • Accepted : 2008.12.17
  • Published : 2009.01.31
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Abstract

The climate change caused by global warming may affect on the hydro-meteorologic factor such as evaporation (IPCC, 2001). Furthermore, it is also necessary that the effect of climate change according to geographical condition on evaporation should be studied. In this study, considering geographical and topographical conditions, the 6 evaporation equations that have been applied to simulate annual and monthly pan evaporation were compared. 56 climatologic stations were selected and classified, basing on the geographical and topographical characteristics (urbanization, topographical slope, proximity to coast, and area of water body). The evaporation equations currently being used are applied. These evaporation equations are Penman, Kohler-Nordenson-Fox (KNF), DeBruin-Keijman, Priestley-Taylor, Hargreaves, and Rohwer. Furthermore, Penman equation was modified by calibrating the parameters of wind function and was verified using relative error. The study results indicate that the KNF equation compared best with the pan: relative error was 8.72%. Penman equation provided the next-best values for evaporation relative to the pan: relative error was 8.75%. The mass-transfer method (Rohwer) provided the worst comparison showing relative error of 33.47%. In case that there is a close correlation between wind function and wind speed, modified Penman equation provided a better estimate of pan evaporation.

지구가 온난화됨에 따라서 발생되는 기후변화는 증발과 같은 수문순환과정에 직접적인 영향을 주는 것으로 보고된 바 있다(IPCC, 2001). 또한 지역특성에 따른 기후변화가 증발에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것은 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 지리지형적 특성을 고려하면서, 연별 pan 증발량을 모의하기 위한 6개 증발식들의 적용성을 비교 검토하였다. 이를 위하여, 전국 56개 연구지역을 지리지형적 특성(도시화율, 해안근접성, 지역 평균경사, 수역면적)에 따라서 분류하고, 기존에 제안된 증발식(Penman, Kohler-Nordenson-Fox(KNF), DeBruin-Keijman, Priestley-Taylor, Hargreaves, Rohwer)을 적용하여 pan 증발량과 비교 검토하였다. 또한 Penman 증발식의 풍속함수를 보정하고 보정된 식의 적용성을 검증하였다. 연구결과에서 KNF식은 가장 pan 증발량과 유사한 결과를 보여서 8.72%의 상대오차를 보였고, 그 다음으로 Penman 식은 8.75%의 상대오차를 보였으며, 반면에 질량이동에 근거한 Rohwer 식이 기장 큰 상대오차(33.47%)를 보였다. 그리고 풍속함수와 풍속과의 상관관계가 높게 나타나는 경우 Penman 식의 풍속함수 보정을 통하여 증발량 산정의 정확도를 높일 수 있었다.

Keywords

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