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Antioxidant Activity and Quality Characteristics of Pine Needle Cookies

솔잎 쿠키의 항산화활성 및 품질특성

  • Choi, Hae-Yeon (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University)
  • 최해연 (숙명여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2009.10.31

Abstract

Pine needle powder has medical and functional uses. In this study, cookies were prepared using different 0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5% of pine needle powder. The total phenolic content was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH assay. The antioxidant activity was highly correlated with the total phenolic composition of pine needle cookies (r=0.989). In addition, the quality characteristics of the pine needle cookies were estimated based on the bulk density and pH of the dough, spread factor, loss rate, leavening rate, color, texture profile analysis, and sensory evaluations. The bulk density of the dough and the hardness, total polyphenol contents and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of cookies significantly increased with increasing pine needle powder, while the pH of the dough, spread factor and L values of the cookies decreased with increasing pine needle powder content (p<0.05). Additionally, the consumer acceptability scores for the 3% pine needle cookie groups ranked significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the other groups in appearance, taste, flavor, texture and overall preference. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that pine needle powder is a good ingredient for increasing the consumer acceptability and the functionality of cookies.

본 연구에서는 솔잎 분말의 첨가량을 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5% 첨가한 쿠키를 제조하여 쿠키의 항산화 활성을 입증하고 품질특성을 측정하였다. 솔잎 분말의 총 페놀화합물 함량은 31.37$\pm$0.55 mg GAE/g이며, DPPH 유리라디칼 소거능은 100 ${\mu}g$/mL 수준에서 73.87$\pm$2.02%로 나타나 높은 항산화 활성을 보여 주었다. 제조된 쿠키의 DPPH radical 소거능을 측정하여 항산화 활성을 비교한 결과 솔잎 분말의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 항산화 활성도 유의적으로 증가하였으며 항산화 활성을 가지는 total polyphenol 함량도 솔잎 분말 첨가량 증가에 따라 증가하였다. 또한 이들의 상관관계를 살펴보았는데, DPPH radical 소거능과 total polyphenol 함량이 양의 상관관계 r=0.989(p<0.001)를 보여주어, total polyphenol 함량이 항산화 활성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 항산화 활성의 기능성과 함께 제품의 적합성 판단을 위해 반죽의 밀도와 pH, 쿠키의 수분함량, 퍼짐성, 손실률, 팽창률, 색도, 조직감, 관능검사 등의 품질평가를 실시한 결과 반죽의 밀도는 솔잎 첨가량이 증가할수록 높게 나타났고, pH는 솔잎 분말 첨가량 증가에 따라 감소되었다. 쿠키의 수분함량은 솔잎분말의 첨가량 증가에 따른 유의적 차이가 나지 않았으며, 퍼짐성 지수는 첨가량 증가에 따라 감소하였고, 손실율은 유의적 차이가 없었으며 팽창률도 5% 첨가군을 제외하고는 유의적인 차이가 나지 않았다. 색도는 솔잎 분말과 쿠키를 굽는 과정에서 생기는 마이얄 반응과 카라멜반응 등의 영향으로 솔잎 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 L값과 b값이 낮아지고, a값이 높아졌으며 경도는 솔잎분말 첨가농도에 의존적인 결과가 나타났다. 그리고 기호도 검사에서 외관, 향, 맛, 조직감, 전반적인 기호도를 평가한 결과 솔잎 분말을 1%와 3% 첨가한 솔잎쿠키가 유의적으로 높은 기호도를 보였으며 솔잎특성 강도에서는 색과 솔잎 향, 삼킨 후의 느낌에서 5% 첨가군이 가장 강하였고 느끼한 향과 단맛, 부드러운 정도는 대조군이 가장 강하다는 결과를 얻었다. 고소한 맛에서는 0.5% 첨가군이 유의적으로 가장 높은 점수를 받았다. 이러한 결과로 보아 쿠키에 솔잎 분말을 첨가하는 것은 쿠키의 기호도를 증가시켜주고 동시에 총 페놀함량과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 높여주어 쿠키의 가치를 높일 수 있어 바람직할 것으로 사료되며 쿠키제조 시 솔잎분말을 3% 첨가하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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