DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Influence of Compost Recycling and Magnesium Supplement on Physical and Chemical Traits of Animal Manure Compost

  • Lee, Jin-Eui (Department of Animal Life System, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kwag, Jung-Hoon (National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Ra, Chang-Six (Department of Animal Life System, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University)
  • Received : 2010.11.11
  • Accepted : 2010.12.17
  • Published : 2010.12.31

Abstract

A series of experiments were performed to study the influence of the following parameters on the physical traits and composition of swine manure compost: (1) addition of magnesium (Mg) at a molar ratio of 1.2 with respect to $PO_4$, and (2) reutilization of compost containing $MgNH_4PO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$ (magnesium ammonium phosphate, MAP). Three independent batch tests were conducted for replication: batch test I-control (C) and Mg added (T), batch test II-C, T and compost recycle ($T_{R1}$), and batch test III-C, T and compost recycle ($T_{R2}$). Magnesium addition and compost reutilization had no adverse effect on the degradation of organic matter. Reuse of the compost, however, had a clear effect on the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents in the final compost. Repeated compost reutilization as a bulking material was resulted in composts rich in N and P. Upon adding the Mg supplement to the composting materials, the ortho-phosphate (OP) to TP ratio decreased due to the MAP crystallization reaction. The decrease in the OP/TP ratio and the increase in the TP content of the compost indicate that water-soluble phosphate is converted into a slow-release phosphate by the formation of crystals during composting. X-ray diffraction analysis of the irregular shaped crystals in the compost indicated that they are MAP crystals and that the crystallization of MAP begins immediately after the addition of the Mg supplement. The Mg addition to composting materials and the reutilization of compost as a bulking material would be a practical means to conserve nutrient content.

Keywords

References

  1. APHA. 1995. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 10th Ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
  2. Booker, N. A., Priestley, A. J. and Fraser, I. H. 1999. Struvite formation in wastewater treatment plants: Opportunities for nutrient recovery. Environ. Technol. 20:777-782. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593332008616874
  3. Bridger, G. L., Salutsky, M. L. and Starostka, R. W. 1962. Metal ammonium phosphates as fertilizers. J. Agr. Food Chem. 10:181-188. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60121a006
  4. Bueno, P., Tapias, R., Lopez, F. and Diaz, M. J. 2008. Optimizing composting parameters for nitrogen conservation in composting. Bioresource Technol. 99:5069-5077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.08.087
  5. Chirmuley, D. G. 1994. Struvite precipitation in WWTPs: Causes and solutions. Water (J. Austr. Water Assoc.) (December): 21-23.
  6. Doyle, J., Oldring, K., Churchley, J., Price, C. and Parsons, S. 2003. Chemical control of struvite precipitation. J. Environ. Eng. 129:419-426. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:5(419)
  7. Graves, R. E., Hattemer, G. M. and Stettler, D. 2000. Composting, Chapter 2. In: National Engineering Handbook, Part-637. United States Department of Agriculture, 210-VI-NEH. Washington, DC, USA.
  8. Hao, X. D., Wang, C. C., Lan, L. and Loosdrecht, M. C. M. V. 2008. Struvite formation, analytical methods and effects of pH and $Ca^{2+}$.Water Sci. Technol. 58:1687-1692. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.557
  9. Hoitink, H. A. J. and Fahy, P. C. 1986. Basis for the control of soilborne plant pathogens with composts. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 24:93-114. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.24.090186.000521
  10. Jeong, Y. K. and Hwang, S. J. 2004. Optimum doses of Mg and P salts for precipitating ammonia into struvite crystals in aerobic composting. Bioresource Technol. 96:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.05.028
  11. Jeong, Y. K. and Kim, J. S. 2001. A new method for conservation of nitrogen in aerobic composting process. Bioresource Technol. 79:129-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00062-1
  12. Kirchmann, H. and Witter, E. 1989. Ammonia volatilization during aerobic and anaerobic manure decomposition. Plant Soil 115: 35-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02220692
  13. Kithome, M., Paul, J. W. and Bomke, A. A. 1999. Reducing nitrogen losses during simulated composting of poultry manure using adsorbents or chemical amendments. J. Environ. Qual. 28:194-201. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800010023x
  14. Kuroda, K., Hanajima, D., Fukumoto, Y., Suzuki, K., Kawamoto, S., Shima, J. and Haga, K. 2004. Isolation of thermophilic ammonium tolerant bacterium and its application to reduce ammonia emission during composting of animal wastes. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 68:286-292. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.68.286
  15. Lee, J. E., Rahman, M. M. and Ra, C. S. 2009. Dose effects of Mg and PO4 sources on the composting of swine manure. J. Hazard. Mater. 169:801-807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.026
  16. Munch, E. V. and Barr, K. 2001. Controlled struvite crystallisation for removing phosphorus from anaerobic digester sidestreams. Water Res. 35:151-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00236-0
  17. Raut, M. P., William, S. P. M. P., Bhattacharyya, J. K., Chakrabarti, T. and Devotta, S. 2008. Microbial dynamics and enzyme activities during rapid composting of municipal solid waste - A compost maturity analysis perspective. Bioresource Technol. 99:6512-6519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.030
  18. Stentiford, E. I. 1996. Composting control: Principles and practice. In: de Bertoldi, M., Sequi, P., Lemmes, B., Papi, T. (Eds.), The Science of Composting, Part 1. Blackie, Glasgow, pp. 29-59.
  19. Zhu, N. 2007. Effect of low initial C/N ratio on aerobic composting of swine manure with rice straw. Bioresource Technol. 98:9-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.12.003

Cited by

  1. Phosphorus characterization of manure composts and combined organic fertilizers by a sequential-fractionation method vol.176, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201200169
  2. Struvite Crystallization of Anaerobic Digestive Fluid of Swine Manure Containing Highly Concentrated Nitrogen vol.28, pp.7, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.14.0679