Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

The Korean Society of Occupational & Environmental Medicine (대한직업환경의학회)
권호 표지

Job Stress as a Risk Factor for Occupational Injuries Among Employees of Small and Medium-sized Companies

중소 사업장 근로자의 직무스트레스가 업무상 손상에 미치는 영향

Jung, Dal-Young;Won, Jong-Uk;Park, Shin-Goo;Chang, Sei-Jin;Kim, Hwan-Cheol
정달영;원종욱;박신구;장세진;김환철

  • Published : 20100000
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the association between job stress and occupational injury among Korean employees. Methods: The data was obtained from a work-stress survey that was administered to employees of small and medium-sized companies in Incheon, Korea. A four-month prospective follow-up study was conducted (the baseline study was conducted from September 2006 to October 2006, and the follow-up study was done from March 2007 to April 2007). A total of 1,241 participants (774 males and 467 females) were included in the analysis. A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to assess each respondent’ sociodemographics, work related factors, job stress, and occupational injury. Job stress was measured using 24 items (7 sub-scales) of the Short Form of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS-SF). Occupational injuries were assessed by self-report during the follow-up period. We estimatedthe relation of job stress to occupational injury using logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 199 employees (16.0%) had suffered at least one occupational injury during the previous 4-months. After adjustment for confounding variables, the logistic regression analyses indicatedthat the groups with high stress as related to 'ob demand'(OR=2.23, 95% CI=1.61-3.08), 'rganizational system'(OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.19-2.23), 'ack of reward'(OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.03-1.95) and'Occupational climate’(OR=1.55, 95% CI=1.13-2.13) were more likely to experience occupational injury than the other groups. Conclusions: Our results tend to suggest that job stress is associated with occupational injury. The importance of job stress should be acknowledged and stress management programs need to be started to minimize the occupational injury caused by job stress.

목적: 본 연구는 직무스트레스가 업무상 손상에 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 시행되었다. 방법: 2006년 9월 1일부터 약 2개월간 중소규모 사업장 중 제조업 및 서비스업으로 분류되는 40개 사업장 3,704명을 대상으로 직무스트레스에 관한 설문조사를 진행하였고 2007년 3월부터 설문조사 이후 4개월 동안의 업무상 손상 경험을 파악하였다. 최근 4개월간의 업무상 손상 경험 유무를 종속변수로 하였고 개인적 특성, 근무 특성, 직무스트레스 하위 영역을 독립변수로 하여 chisquare test를 통한 단변량 분석을 실시하였다. chisquare test에서 업무상 손상 경험과 통계적으로 유의한 관련성을 보인 일반적 특성들과 작업관련 특성들을 독립변수로 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하여 보정된 비차비(adjusted odds ratio)를 계산하였다. 결과: 1차 및 추적 설문조사에 공통으로 응답한 자는 총 1,241명 이었으며 최근 4개월 동안 업무상 손상을 한번 이상 경험한 근로자는 199(16%)명이었다. 단변량 분석 결과, 연령은 20-30대, 이혼이나 사별한 근로자(22.7%)가 그렇지 않은 군(미혼 19.6%, 기혼 13.7%)에 비해 업무상 손상 경험률이 높았으며 일상생 활 스트레스가 높은 군(23.5%)이 그렇지 않은 군(낮은 군 14.0%, 중간 군 15.5%)에 비해 업무상 손상 경험률이 높았다. 생산직(17.9%)이 사무직(10.4%)에 비해 업무상 손상 경험률이 높았고 근무기간이 1년 미만인 군(20.1%)이 다른 군에 비해 높은 업무상 손상 경험률을 보였으며 비정규직(20.2%)이 정규직(13.6%)보다 업무상 손상 경험률이 높았다. 성별, 연령, 결혼상태, 일상생활 스트레스, 직종, 근무 경력, 고용형태를 보정한 다변량분석을 시행한 결과 직무 요구도(OR=2.23, 95%CI=1.61-3.08), 조직체계 (OR=1.63, 95%CI=1.19-2.23), 보 상 부 적 절 (OR=1.42, 95%CI=1.03~1.95), 직장문화(OR=1.55, 95%CI=1.13-2.13) 영역에서 상대적으로 직무스트레스가 높은 군이 그렇지 않은 군에 비해 업무상 손상 경험률이 유의하게 높았다. 한편, 손상의 중증도에 따라 자가치료군, 병원치료군으로 나누어 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행했을 때 직무요구도, 조직체계, 보상부적절, 직장문화, 직무스트레스 총점이 높은 군에서 자가치료를 받은 업무상 손상 경험의 비차비가 유의하게 높았으나 병원치료를 받은 손상의 비차비는 유의하지 않았다. 결론: 직무스트레스가 업무상 손상에 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었으며 특히, 직무요구도, 조직체계, 보상부적절, 직장문화 영역에서 상대적으로 높은 직무스트레스를 느끼는 근로자가 업무상 손상 경험의 위험성이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Korea Ministry of Labor. 2008 Statistics of Industrial Accidents. Korea Ministry of Labor. Seoul. 2008. Available: http://www.molab.go.kr [cited 30 Dec 2009] (Korean)
  2. Won J, Ahn Y, Song J, Koh D, Roh J. Occupational injuries in Korea: a comparison of blue-collar and white-collar workers’ rates and underreporting. J Occup Health 2007 ;49(1):53-60 https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.49.53
  3. Johnston JJ. Occupational injury and stress. J Occup Environ Med 1995;37:1199-203 https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199510000-00010
  4. Salminen S, Kivima¨ki M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J. Stress factors predicting injuries of hospital personnel. Am J Ind Med 2003;44:32-6 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10235
  5. Swaen GM, van Amelsvoort LG, Bultmann U, Slangen JJ, Kant IJ. Psychosocial work characteristics as risk factors for being injured in an occupational accident. J Occup Environ Med 2004;46:521-7 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000128150.94272.12
  6. Nakata A, Ikeda T, Takahashi M, Haratani T, Hojou M, Fujioka Y, Swanson NG, Araki S. Impact of psychosocial job stress on non-fatal occupational injuries in small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. Am J Ind Med 2006;49(8):658-69 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20338
  7. Murata K, Kawakami N, Amari N. Does job stress affect injury due to labor accident in Japanese male and female blue-collar workers? Ind Health 2000;38:246- 51 https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.38.246
  8. Kim HC, Min JY, Min KB, Park SG. Job strain and the risk for occupational injury in small- to medium-sized manufacturing enterprises: a prospective study of 1,209 Korean employees. Am J Ind Med 2009;52(4):322-30 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20673
  9. Wilkins K, Beaudet MP. Work stress and health. Health Rep 1998;10:47-62
  10. Trimpop R, Kirkcaldy B, Athanasou J, Cooper C. Individual differences in working hours, work perceptions and accident rates in veteri nary surgeries. Work Stress 2000;14:181-8 https://doi.org/10.1080/026783700750051685
  11. Greiner BA, Krause N, Ragland DR, Syme SL, Fisher JM. Objective stress factors, accidents, and absenteeism in transit operators: A theoretical framework and empirical evidence. J Occup Health Psychol 1998; 3:130-46 https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.3.2.130
  12. Holcom ML, Lehman WEK, Simpson DD. Employee accidents : Influences of personal characteristics, and substance use in jobs differing in accident potential. J Saf Res 1993;24:205-21 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4375(93)80002-S
  13. Li CY, Chen KR, Sung FC. Job stress and dissatisfaction in association with non-fatal injuries on the job in a cross-sectional sample of petrochemical workers. Occup Med 2001;51(1):50-5 https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/51.1.50
  14. Dembe AE, Erickson JB, Delbos R. Predictors of work-related injuries and illnesses: National survey findings. J Occup Environ Hyg 2004;1:542-50 https://doi.org/10.1080/15459620490478376
  15. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guide to the utilization of the data from the forth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Seoul. 2009. pp 112. (Korean)
  16. Chang SJ, Koh SB, Kang D, Kim SA, Kang MG, Lee CG, Chung JJ, Cho JJ, Son MA, Chae CH, Kim JW, Kim JI, Kim HS, Roh SC, Park JB, Woo JM, Kim SY, Kim JY, Ha M, Park J, Rhee KY, Kim HR, Kong JO, Kim IA, Kim JS, Park JH, Hyun SJ, Son DK. Developing an occupational stress scale for Korean employees. Korean J Occup Environ Med 2005;17(4): 297-317. (Korean)
  17. Breslin C, Koehoorn M, Smith P, Manno M. Age related differences in work injuries and permanent impairment : a comparison of worker's compensation claims among adolescents, young adults, and adults. Occup Environ Med 2003;60(9):E10 https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.60.9.e10
  18. Simpson SA, Wadsworth EJK, Moss SC, Smith AP. Minor injuries, cognitive failures and accidents at work: incidence and associated features. Occup Med 2005;55:99-108 https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqi035
  19. Santana VS, Loomis D. Informal jobs and non-fetal occupational injuries. Ann Occup Hyg 2004;48:147-57 https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/meh009
  20. Bhattacherjee A, Chau N, Sierra CO, Legras B, Benamghar L, Michaely JP, Ghosh AK, Gullemen F, Ravaud JF, Mur JM, Lorhandicap Group. Relationships of job and some individual characteristics to occupational injuries in employed people : a community-based study. J Occup Health 2003;45:382-91 https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.45.382
  21. Stallones L, Xiang H. Alcohol consumption patterns and work-related injuries among Colorado farm residents. Am J Prev Med 2003;25:25-30 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00096-5
  22. Guastello SJ, Gershon R, Murphy L. Catastrophe model for the exposure to blood-borne pathogens and other accidents in health care settings. Accid Anal Prev 1999;31:739-50 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-4575(99)00037-8
  23. Cooper CL, Sutherland VJ. Job stress, mental health, and accidents among offshore workers in the oil and gas extraction industries. J Occup Med 1987;29:119- 25
  24. Chang SJ, Koh SB, Kang DM, Kim SA, Chung JJ, Lee CG, Kang MG, Hyun SJ, Cho JJ, Cha BS, Park JK. Fatigue as a predictor of medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Korean J Occup Environ Med 2005;17(4):318-32. (Korean)
  25. Suzuki K, Ohida T, Kaneita Y, Yokoyama E, Miyake T, Harano S, Yagi Y, Ibuka E, Haneko A, Tsutsui T, Uchiyama M. Mental health status, shift work, and occupational accidents among hospital nurses in Japan. J Occup Health 2004;46:448-54 https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.46.448
  26. Virtanen M, Kivim$\"{a}$ki M, Joensuu M, Virtanen P, Elovainio M, Vahtera J. Temporary employment and health : a review. Int J Epidemiol 2005;34:610-22 https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyi024
  27. Swaen GM, van Amelsvoort LG, Bultmann U, Slagen JJM, Kant IJ. Fatigue as a risk factor for being injured in an occupational accident: Results from the Maastricht Cohort Study. Occup Environ Med 2003;60 (suppl):i88-i92 https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.60.suppl_1.i88
  28. Hoffmann DA, Stetzer A. A cross-level investigation of factors influencing unsafe behaviors and accidents. Personnel Psychol 1996;49:307-39 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1996.tb01802.x
  29. Mearns K, Flin R, Gordon R, Fleming M. Human and organizational factors in offshore safety. Work stress 2001;15:144-60 https://doi.org/10.1080/026783701102678370110066616
  30. Hoffmann DA, Stetzer A. The role of safety climate and communication in accident interpretation: implications for learning from negative events. Acad Manage J 1998;41: 644-57 https://doi.org/10.2307/256962