Clinical Manifestations of Elderly Patients Admitted Because of Severe Hyponatremia

심한 저나트륨혈증으로 내원한 노인 환자의 임상 양상

Oh, You-Jeong;Han, Ji-Sun;Kim, Do-Kyong;Chung, Seuk-Hee;Kim, Sang-Ock;Hsing, Chien-Ter;Mok, Ji-Young;An, Won-Suk;Kim, Seong-Eun;Kim, Ki-Hyun
오유정;한지선;김도경;정석희;김상옥;형건덕;목지영;안원석;김성은;김기현

  • Published : 20100000

Abstract

Purpose : Recently the incidence of severe hyponatremia is increasing in old patients but there is no report about clinical findings of old patients with hyponatremia. We evaluated the cause and clinical manifestations of severe hyponatremia in old patients who had been admitted via emergency room. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of the hyponatremic patients who had been admitted from 2000 to 2007. We enrolled 53 patients (Age >60 years, Na <125 mEq/L) without severe liver cirrhosis, heart failure or chronic kidney disease. We analyzed data to evaluate the differences of clinical manifestations according to the presence of symptoms, taking diuretics, urine sodium concentrations and the degree of hyponatremia. Results : Mean serum sodium concentration was 111.4${\pm}$6.9 mEq/L and urine sodium concentration was 68.7${\pm}$43.8 mEq/L. There was no difference in serum sodium concentration according to age. Twenty-nine (54.7%) patients had nausea and vomiting and 19 patients (35.8%) had neurologic symptoms. Patients with neurologic symptoms showed lower serum and urine sodium concentration than patients without neurologic symptoms. The main causes of severe hyponatremia were poor oral intake (79.2%), diuretics use (37.7%) and recent operation (15.1%). The mean sodium concentration of the fluid administered to achieve 125 mEq/L of serum sodium level was 336.5${\pm}$160.6 mEq/L. Conclusion : The urinary sodium loss, e.g., diuretics abuse, may be the main cause of severe hyponatremia in elderly patients over 60 years. In elderly patients, diuretics should be carefully administered with frequent electrolyte monitoring.

목 적 : 최근 노인 환자에서 심한 저나트륨혈증의 발생빈도가 증가하고 있으나 이에 대한 연구가 없는 상태이다. 저자들은 심한 저나트륨혈증으로 응급실을 통해 내원한 노인 환자에서 저나트륨혈증의 원인 및 임상 양상을 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 실시 하였다. 방 법 : 2000년부터 2007년까지 응급실을 통해 입원한 환자 중 60세 이상이면서 혈청 나트륨 농도 125 mEq/L 이하인 환자를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 저나트륨혈증을 흔히 동반할 수 있는 심한 만성 질환은 대상에서 제외하였고 의무 기록을 바탕으로 원인을 분석하였다. 증상 및 이뇨제 복용 여부, 요 중 나트륨 농도, 저나트륨혈증의 심한 정도에 따라 임상 양상 및 검사 결과 차이가 있는지 분석하였다. 결 과 : 대상 환자는 53명이었고, 평균 혈청 나트륨 농도는 111.4${\pm}$6.9 mEq/L, 요 중 나트륨 농도는 68.7${\pm}$43.8 mEq/L 였으며, 연령에 따른 저나트륨혈증 정도의 차이는 없었다. 오심 및 구토 증상이 29예 (54.7%), 신경학적 이상 소견을 보인 경우가 19예 (35.8%) 였으며, 신경학적 이상 소견을 보인 군에서 혈청 및 소변의 평균 나트륨 농도가 낮았다. 의심되는 원인으로는 이뇨제 사용이 20예 (37.7%), 수술을 시행했던 경우가 8예 (15.1%) 였으며 42예 (79.2%)에서 식이섭취가 감소되어 있었다. 나트륨 수치가 125 mEq/L로 증가할 때까지 사용한 수액의 나트륨 평균 농도는 336.5${\pm}$160.6 mEq/L 였고, 평균 도달 시간은 43.9${\pm}$25.4 시간이었다. 결 론 : 60세 이상의 환자에서 이뇨제 사용 등 요 중 나트륨의 소실은 심한 저나트륨혈증의 주요 원인이 될 수 있다. 따라서 노인 환자에서 이뇨제를 처방할 때 그 적응증을 세심하게 검토 해야 하고, 일단 처방한 경우에는 혈청 전해질에 대한 추적이 필요하다.

Keywords

References

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