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Flowers of Inula japonica Attenuate Inflammatory Responses

  • Choi, Jeon-Hyeun (Research and Development Division, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute for Oriental Medicine Industry) ;
  • Park, Young-Na (Research and Development Division, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute for Oriental Medicine Industry) ;
  • Li, Ying (College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Jin, Mei-Hua (College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Lee, Ji-Ean (Research and Development Division, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute for Oriental Medicine Industry) ;
  • Lee, Youn-Ju (College of Medicine, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Son, Jong-Keun (College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Chang, Hyeun-Wook (College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Lee, Eun-Kyung (Research and Development Division, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute for Oriental Medicine Industry)
  • Received : 2010.08.05
  • Accepted : 2010.09.02
  • Published : 2010.10.30
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Abstract

Background: The flowers of Inula japonica (Inulae Flos) have long been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of Inulae Flos Extract (IFE). Methods: The anti-inflammatory effects of IFE against nitric oxide (NO), $PGE_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-6 release, as well as NF-${\kappa}B$ and MAP kinase activation were evaluated in RAW 264.7 cells. Results: IFE inhibited the production of NO and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, IFE reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6. Furthermore, IFE inhibited the NF-${\kappa}B$ activation induced by LPS, which was associated with the abrogation of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ degradation and subsequent decreases in nuclear p65 and p50 levels. Moreover, the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAP kinases in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was suppressed by IFE in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: These results suggest that the anti-inflammation activities of IFE might be attributed to the inhibition of NO, iNOS and cytokine expression through the down-regulation of NF-${\kappa}B$ activation via suppression of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and MAP kinase phosphorylation in macrophages.

Keywords

References

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