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The Food and Nutrient Intakes on weekdays and weekends Among High School Girls in Seoul

서울 지역 여자고등학생의 주중과 주말의 식품 및 영양소 섭취에 관한 연구

  • Pak, So-Hyun (Department of Food Service Management and Nutrition, Sangmyung University) ;
  • Lee, Jung-Sug (Department of Food Service Management and Nutrition, Sangmyung University) ;
  • Hong, Hee-Ok (Department of Food Service Management and Nutrition, Sangmyung University)
  • 박소현 (상명대학교 외식영양학과) ;
  • 이정숙 (상명대학교 외식영양학과) ;
  • 홍희옥 (상명대학교 외식영양학과)
  • Received : 2010.08.16
  • Accepted : 2010.10.08
  • Published : 2010.10.31

Abstract

The food and nutrient intakes on weekdays and weekends was examined with 196 high school girls residing in Seoul using the 3-day food record. Frequency for skipping breakfast was higher than that for lunch and dinner. Frequencies for skipping breakfast and lunch were significantly higher on weekends than on weekdays (p < 0.05). The daily average food, vegetable food, and animal food intakes were 1,074.8 g, 680.0 g, and 317.3 g, respectively. The total food and vegetable food intakes on weekdays were significantly higher than on weekends (p < 0.05). The daily average dietary variety score (DVS) was 20.5, and was significantly higher on weekdays (23.3) than on weekends (15.1)(p < 0.05). The daily averages of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intake were 1,732.9 kcal, 68 g, 56.2 g, and 240.9 g, respectively. Energy, protein, carbohydrate, phosphate, iron, sodium, potassium, thiamin, niacin, folate and vitamin C intakes were significantly higher on weekdays than on weekends (p < 0.05). Fat intake was significantly lower on weekdays than on weekends (p < 0.05). The daily average percentages of energy intake from carbohydrate, protein, and fat were 55.4%, 15.6%, and 29.0%: 56.1%, 15.8%, and 28.2% on weekdays and 54.7%, 15.3%, and 30.1% on weekends, respectively. The percentages of energy intake from carbohydrate on weekdays and weekends were below 60%, and that from fat was above 28% on weekdays and weekends. The daily averages of energy, vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin and phosphate intake were above 80% as compared with the estimated energy requirement (EER) or the recommended intake (RI). The intakes of calcium, potassium and folate were below 50% as compared with the adequate intake (AI) or (RI). The daily average mean adequacy ratio (MAR), an index of overall dietary quality, was 0.77, and significantly high school girls was worse on weekends than on weekdays.

본 연구는 서울지역의 여자고등학생 196명을 대상으로 주중과 주말의 식품 및 영양소 섭취 실태에 따른 차이를 알아보기 위해 실시하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 끼니별 결식률은 아침 결식률이 가장 높았으며 주중과 주말 결식률을 비교해 보면 아침과 점심의 결식률이 주중에 비하여 주말에 유의적으로 높게 나타난 반면 저녁 결식률은 주중이 주말에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다. 2) 1일 평균 식품섭취량은 총 식품이 1,327.6 g, 식물성식품 800.5 g, 동물성 식품 425.8 g 이었으며, 총 식품섭취량과 식물성 식품섭취량은 주말에 비해 주중에 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 이외 감자류, 두류, 채소류, 버섯류, 해조류, 어패류, 유지류 및 양념류의 섭취량 역시 주말에 비해 주중에 유의적으로 높게 섭취하였으나, 과일류와 음료섭취는 주중보다는 주말에 유의적으로 높았다. 3) 1일 총 식품섭취가짓수는 하루 평균 20.5 가지를 섭취하였고, 주중에 23.3 가지, 주말에 15.1 가지로 주말에 비해 주중에 식품섭취가짓수가 유의적으로 많았다. 다소비식품은 쌀, 우유, 돼지고기, 배추김치, 닭고기 순으로 조사되었고, 상위 2위까지는 주중과 주말에 따른 차이가 없었다. 그러나 주중에 비해 주말에 피자, 콜라, 라면과 같은 인스턴트식품이나 패스트푸드가 상위 10위 내 포함되었다. 4) 영양소섭취량은 1일 평균 에너지가 2,244.9 kcal, 단백질 89.0 g, 지방 72.6 g, 탄수화물 311.2 g을 섭취하는 것으로 조사되었다. 지방은 주중보다 주말에 유의적으로 높게 섭취하였고, 탄수화물, 섬유소, 인, 철, 나트륨, 칼륨, 비타민 A, 나이아신, 엽산 및 비타민 C 섭취는 주말에 비해 주중에 유의적으로 높게 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다. 에너지섭취량에 대한 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방의 섭취비는 1일 평균 55.4% : 15.8% : 28.8% 이였고, 주중은 56.8% : 15.8% : 27.4%, 주말은 53.6% : 15.8% : 30.7% 이였다. 주중과 주말 모두 탄수화물에 대한 섭취비는 60% 이하 수준이었고, 지방은 27% 이상의 높은 수준이었으며, 탄수화물은 주중에, 지방은 주말에 유의적으로 높게 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다. 5) 한국인 영양섭취기준에 따른 섭취비율을 보면 에너지는 1일 평균, 주중 및 주말 모두 필요추정량의 82~89%를 섭취하였으며, 식이섬유, 칼슘, 칼륨, 비타민 C, 리보플라빈 및 엽산의 섭취량은 한국인 영양섭취기준 중 권장섭취량 및 적정섭취량의 75% 이하 수준이었다. 주말보다는 주중의 섭취비가 다소 높았으며, 식이섬유, 인, 철, 칼륨, 아연, 비타민 A, 비타민 C, 나이아신 및 엽산은 주말에 비해 주중의 섭취비율이 유의적으로 높았다. 6) 식사의 질을 평가할 수 있는 MAR을 보면 1일 평균 0.77이었고, 주중 0.84 주말 0.70으로 주중에 비해 주말에 유의적으로 낮았다. 이상의 연구 결과에서 서울지역 여자 고등학생은 주중에 비해 주말에 불규칙적인 식생활을 하는 것으로 조사되었다. 식생활의 규칙성을 평가할 수 있는 결식률도 주중보다는 주말이 더 높았고, 식사의 다양성을 평가할 수 있는 식품섭취가짓수는 주말보다 주중이 더 많아 주중과 주말의 식행동에 많은 차이가 있었다. 또한 식사의 질을 평가할 수 있는 MAR 역시 주말에는 0.70로 주중의 0.84에 비해 낮은 수준이어서 영양소섭취상태가 주중보다는 주말에 문제가 되는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 식이섬유, 칼슘, 칼륨, 비타민 C, 리보플라빈, 엽산의 섭취 부족을 초래하여 급속한 성장이 이루어지는 청소년기에 성장의 불균형과 체력저하를 초래할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 청소년의 건강에 치명적인 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 이들을 대상으로 올바른 식습관 형성 및 균형 잡힌 영양소섭취의 중요성에 대한 영양교육이 필요하다고 본다.

Keywords

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