Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회지)

Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회)
권호 표지

Effect of Soil Salinity and Culturing Condition on the Maintenance of Ridge and the Growth of Upland Crops in the Saemangeum Reclaimed Tidal Land

새만금간척지에서 토양염농도 및 재배조건이 이랑의 유지와 밭작물의 생육에 미치는 영향

  • 손용만 (한국농어촌공사 농어촌연구원) ;
  • 송재도 (한국농어촌공사 농어촌연구원) ;
  • 전건영 (한국농어촌공사 농어촌연구원) ;
  • 김두환 (한국농어촌공사 농어촌연구원) ;
  • 박무언 (한국농어촌공사 농어촌연구원)
  • Received : 2010.04.19
  • Accepted : 2010.10.22
  • Published : 2010.10.30
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Abstract

In order to evaluate the effect of soil salinity and culturing conditions including compost application and vinyl mulching on the maintenance of ridge and the growth of upland crops, three crops such as corn, soybean and sweet potato were experimented by using three or four cultivars of crops in the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land. Average soil salinity before seeding was 2 dS $m^{-1}$, which was low enough for general upland crops to grow. However, high soil EC more than 16 dS $m^{-1}$ was observed in some parts of the experimented field. In the experiment, it was concluded that growth retardation and yield reduction of summer upland crops might be from severe erosion of ridge, soil compaction, flooding or wet soil condition and high salinity of some parts, and then these deteriorations were possibly improved for good crop growth and yield increase by compost application and vinyl mulching cultivation in the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land.

최근 조성된 새만금간척지의 범용화의 일환으로 추진되고 있는 간척지의 밭작물재배를 위하여 새만금간척지의 문제점으로 지적되고 있는 염농도, 배수 및 이랑안전 성에 대한 연구검토가 시급하다. 시험연구는 새만금간척지에 조성된 시험포에 옥수수, 콩 및 고구마를 공시작물로 하여 각 작물당 3-4개의 품종을 파종하여 유기물시용과 비닐피복, 염농도변화, 토양의 수분 및 침수 등 재배조건이 이랑의 안전성과 작물의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 수행되었다. 시험작물의 수량은 옥수수가 청예수량 170~1,465 kg $10a^{-1}$, 건물수량 83~649 kg $10a^{-1}$, 옥수수의 이삭수량이 0.07~0.78 No. $plant^{-1}$이었고, 콩은 청예수량이 320~1,746 kg $10a^{-1}$, 건물수량 117~566 kg $10a^{-1}$ 종실수량 19~90의 범위였고, 고구마는 생물총량 1,108~3,998 kg $10a^{-1}$, 식용부분인 고구마괴근 수량 306~1,729 kg $10a^{-1}$로 일반 경지에 비하여 수량성이 매우 낮았다. 이처럼 수량성이 낮은 원인은 (1) 새만금 간척지에 조성된 시험지는 극세사 함량이 높은 양질 사토로서 제염상태가 많이 진전되어 대부분 2 dS $m^{-1}$이하로 제염되어 염농도가 작물의 생육에 영향을 주지 못하였지만, 일부 지역에서 염농도가 16 dS $m^{-1}$ 이상으로 높아서 출현되지 못하거나 생육불량 정도가 극심하였고, (2) 새만금간척지 토양은 견지성이 약하여 이랑 침식으로 인한 도복과 뿌리노출로 고사하는 피해가 극심하였으며, (3) 토양의 투수력은 빠르나 지하수의 상승으로 토양의 강우수용능력이 감소되어 과습과 침수해가 빈번하게 발생하였고, (4)토양이 척박하고 보비력이 약하여 세탈이 심하여 비절에 의한 양분장해가 심하였던 것으로 요약되었다. 유기물시용과 비닐피복은 이랑의 붕괴와 침식을 감소시켜 이랑유지능력이 증가하고 토양의 치밀화를 완화시키는 효과가 있었으며, 수량증가에도 기여하는 것으로 조사되었다.

Keywords

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