Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회지)

Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회)
권호 표지

Chromium Distribution in Korean Soils: A Review

우리나라 토양의 크롬 분포특성에 관한 고찰

  • Kim, Rog-Young (Division Soil & Fertilizer Management, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Sung, Jwa-Kyung (Division Soil & Fertilizer Management, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Ju-Young (Division Soil & Fertilizer Management, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Seok-Cheol (Division Soil & Fertilizer Management, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Jang, Byoung-Choon (Division Soil & Fertilizer Management, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Won-Il (Division Chemical Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Ok, Yong-Sik (Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University)
  • 김록영 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 토양비료관리과) ;
  • 성좌경 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 토양비료관리과) ;
  • 이주영 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 토양비료관리과) ;
  • 김석철 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 토양비료관리과) ;
  • 장병춘 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 토양비료관리과) ;
  • 김원일 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 유해화학과) ;
  • 옥용식 (강원대학교 바이오자원환경학과)
  • Received : 2010.05.31
  • Accepted : 2010.06.14
  • Published : 2010.06.30
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Abstract

Chromium as a constituent of rocks occurs naturally in the environment in varying concentrations. However, the human activity has changed the geochemical cycle of chromium in the environment and has caused the chromium accumulation in soils. Korean soils revealed a wide range of chromium contents depending on parent material and land use. The total chromium contents of volcanic ash soils in Jeju, which were determined using $HNO_3$ + $HClO_4$ + HF, ranged from 434 to 1,164 mg $kg^{-1}$. The 'ecological' total chromium contents extracted using conc. HCl + conc. $HNO_3$ (aqua regia) in the same soils varied in a lower range of 50-189 mg $kg^{-1}$ (averaged percentage of aqua regia contents in $HNO_3$ + $HClO_4$ + HF contents: 14.9%). Serpentine soils in Andong showed a 'ecological' total chromium content of 309 mg $kg^{-1}$ and against it granitic soils in Andong only 20 mg $kg^{-1}$. In uncontaminated forest soils of Korea, the 'ecological' total chromium contents varied from 4.89 to 106 mg $kg^{-1}$ and the soluble chromium contents determined using 0.1 M HCl ranged from 0.01 to 0.64 mg $kg^{-1}$ (averaged percentage of 0.1 M HCl contents in aqua regia contents: 0.4%). Arable lands contained more soluble chromium than reported in forest soils (averaged soluble chromium: 0.36 and 0.09 mg $kg^{-1}$, respectively). In particular, the soluble chromium contents in greenhouse, orchard and upland soils were higher than in contaminated soils near mine and industrial site (maximum contents: greenhouse 15.3 mg $kg^{-1}$; upland 12.1 mg $kg^{-1}$; orchard 8.29 mg $kg^{-1}$; mine site 4.76 mg $kg^{-1}$; industrial site 2.80 mg $kg^{-1}$). On the basis of these results a accumulation of chromium in some specific arable lands can be assumed, probably by long-continued applications of fertilizers or soil amendments containing chromium. In Korean Enforcement Decree of the Soil Environment Conservation Act soil standards for total chromium do not exist yet.

Keywords

References

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