Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회지)

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
권호 표지

Effects of Cirsium japonicum Powder on Plasma Glucose and Lipid Level in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

엉겅퀴 섭취가 Streptozotocin 유발 당뇨 흰쥐의 혈당과 지질수준에 미치는 영향

  • Han, Hye-Kyoung (Plant Resources Research Institute, Duksung Women's University) ;
  • Je, Hee-Sun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University) ;
  • Kim, Gun-Hee (Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University)
  • 한혜경 (덕성여자대학교 식물자원연구소) ;
  • 제희선 (덕성여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김건희 (덕성여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2009.10.27
  • Accepted : 2010.02.01
  • Published : 2010.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This investigation was conducted to assess the influence of Cirsium japonicum consumption on the plasma glucose and lipid profiles in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230 g by injection of STZ into the tail vein at 45 mg/kg body weight. The rats were randomly assigned into four groups: a normal and STZ-control fed an AIN-93 diet group, and diabetic groups whose diets were supplemented with 10% Cirsium japonicum powder containing leaf or root for four weeks. To observe the effects of Cirsium japonicum in the animal model, the levels of glucose, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid in the plasma and the levels of glycogen in the tissue were determined after four weeks. Treatment of STZ-induced diabetic rats with leaf consumption significantly lowered the diet intake when compared with STZ-control rats. The relative weights of the liver and kidney differed significantly between the normal and diabetic groups. The weights of the kidneys in the leaf group were significantly lower than those in the STZ-control group. The level of hematocrit was also significantly lower in diabetic rats whose diets were supplemented with leaves when compared to those of STZ-control rats. The plasma glucose level was found to be significantly lower in the leaf group than the STZ-control group. The effect was significant after 2 weeks. The HDL-cholesterol levels increased in all of the diabetic experimental groups when compared to the STZ-control group. These results suggest that supplementation with Circicum japonicum leaves induced considerable hypoglycemic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats and that these leaves may be useful for the management of diabetes mellitus.

본 실험에서 엉겅퀴의 잎과 뿌리 분말을 당뇨 유발 흰쥐에게 4주간 섭취시킨 후, 당질과 지질을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 평균 식이섭취량은 당뇨대조군에 비해 엉겅퀴-잎섭취군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 모든 엉겅퀴섭취군의 경우 유의적 차이는 없지만 당뇨대조군보다 높은 체중증가량과 식이이용효율을 나타내었다. 이로써 엉겅퀴섭취가 당뇨유발로 인한 체중감소와 식이이용효율감소 억제에 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 신장의 무게가 엉겅퀴-잎섭취군의 경우 당뇨대조군보다 유의적으로 가볍게 나타났다. 폐, 비장, 췌장, 심장 및 뇌의 무게는 당뇨대조군과 엉겅퀴섭취군 비교시 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 헤마토크릿치는 당뇨대조군과 비교하여 엉겅퀴의 잎을 먹인 쥐에서 유의적으로 낮아졌으며 정상군의 수준과 비슷해지는 효과를 보여주었다. 당뇨 유발시 ALT 활성도는 증가함을 나타내었고 엉겅퀴 잎을 먹인 쥐에서 유의적인 차이가 없었지만 당뇨대조군에 비하여 적게 증가하였다. 혈장의 포도당 수준은 모든 엉겅퀴섭취군이 당뇨대조군에 비하여 혈당 증가폭이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고 특히 엉겅퀴-잎섭취군에서는 실험 2주째부터 실험 4주째까지 당뇨대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 혈당 수준을 나타내었다. 간의 글리코겐 함량은 당뇨대조군에 비해 모든 엉겅퀴섭취군에서 증가하였으나 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 혈장 콜레스테롤 함량은 당뇨대조군과 당뇨실험군 사이에는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 모든 엉겅퀴 섭취군에서 증가하는 경향으로 나타났다. 혈장 중성지방함량은 엉겅퀴-뿌리섭취군에서, 유리지방산의 함량은 잎섭취군에서 약간 감소하는 경향이었으나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 당뇨 유발시 초래되는 당질대사 이상을 관찰하기 위하여 엉겅퀴의 잎과 뿌리를 당뇨 유발 흰쥐에게 섭취시킨 결과, 당뇨 흰쥐에서 신장과 체중의 정상화, 당뇨의 혈당 증가 완화를 확인하였기에 당질대사에 있어서 항당뇨효능이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 당뇨대사 이상으로 영향을 미치는 지질대사도 관찰한 결과, 유의적인 차이는 없지만 약간의 효능이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 엉겅퀴는 잎뿐만 아니라 뿌리도 잠재적 의약품 소재 및 기능성 식품소재로서의 있다고 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Lee SJ, Park JY, Nam CM, Jee SH. The prevalence estimation of metabolic syndrome and it's related factors based on data from general health medical examination: a multi-center study. J. Korean Soc. Health Inf. Health Stat. 33: 119-133 (2008)
  2. WHO. Technical Report Series 916. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic disease, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (2003)
  3. Abrams JJ, Ginsberg H, Grundy SM. Metabolism of cholesterol and plasma triglycerides in nonketotic diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 31: 903-910 (1982) https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.31.10.903
  4. Goldberg RB. Lipid disorders in diabetes. Diabetes Care 4: 561-572 (1981) https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.4.5.561
  5. Reaven GM. Abnormal lipoprotein metabolism in non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus. Pathogenesis and treatment. Am. J. Med. 8: 31-40 (1987)
  6. West KM, Ahuja MM, Bennt PH. The role of circulating glucose and triglyceride concentrations and their interactions with other "risk factors" as determinants of arterial disease in nine diabetic population samples from the WHO multinational study. Diabetes Care 6: 361-369 (1983) https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.6.4.361
  7. Cho SY, Han YB, Shin KH. Screening for antioxidant activity of edible plants. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 30: 133-137 (2001)
  8. Grover JK, Yadav S, Vats V. Medicinal plants of India with antidiabetic potential. J. Ethnopharmacol. 81: 81-100 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00059-4
  9. Koh KS, Jeon ES. Ferns, Fern-allis, and Seed Bearing Plants of Korea. Iiljinsa, Seoul, Korea. p. 702 (2003)
  10. Lee YN. New Flora of Korea. Kyohak Publishing Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea. p. 345 (2007)
  11. Lim SS, Lee JH. Effect of Artemisia princeps var orientalis and Circium japonicum var ussuriense on cardiovascular system of hyperlipidemic rat. Korean J. Nutr. 30: 12-18 (1997)
  12. Lim SS, Kim MH, Lee JH. Effect of Artemisia princeps var orientalis and Circium japonicum var ussuriense on liver function, body lipid, and bile acid of hyperlipidemic rat. Korean J. Nutr. 30: 797-802 (1997)
  13. Lee MK, Moon HC, Lee JH, Kim JD, Yu CY, Lee HY. Screening of immune enhancing activities in medicinal herbs, Compositae. Korean J. Med. Crop Sci. 10: 51-57 (2002)
  14. Lee HK, Kim JS, Kim NY, Kim MJ, Park SU, Yu CY. Antioxidant, antimutagenicity, and anticancer activities of extracts from Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense Kitamura. Korean J. Med. Crop Sci. 11: 53-61 (2003)
  15. Park JC, Hur JM, Park JG, Kim SC, Park JR, Choi SH, Choi JW. Effects of methanol extract of Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense and its principle, hispidulin-7-O-neohesperidoside on hepatic alcohol-metabolizing enzymes and lipid peroxidation in ethanoltreated rats. Phytother. Res. 18: 19-24 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1299
  16. Liu S, Luo X, Li D, Zhang J, Qiu D, Liu W, She L, Yang Z. Tumor inhibition and improved immunity in mice treated with flavone from Cirsium japonicum DC. Int. Immunopharmacol. 6: 1387-1393 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2006.02.002
  17. Reeves PG. Components of the AIN-93 diets as improvements in the AIN-76A diet. J. Nutr. 127: 838S-841S (1997)
  18. Lee SS, Kim JW. Pharmacological studies on the water extract of fractions of Lycium chinese Mill. Duksung Bull. Pharm. Sci. 2: 29-41 (1999)
  19. Glod G, Manning M, Heldt A, Nowlain R, Pettit JG, Grodsky GM. Diabetes induced with multiple subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin. Diabetes 30: 634-638 (1981) https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.30.8.634
  20. Rabbo E, Terkildsen TC. On the enzymatic determination of blood glucose. Scandinav. J. Lab. lnvest. 12: 402-407 (1968)
  21. Richimond W. Preparation and properties of a cholesterol oxidase from Nocardia sp. and its application to the enzymatic assay of total cholesterol in serum. Clin. Chem. 19: 1350-1356 (1973)
  22. Lynch MJ. Medical Laboratory Technology and Clinical Pathology. 2nd ed. WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA, USA (1969)
  23. Reitman S, Frankel S. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 28: 56-63 (1957)
  24. Hassid WZ, Abraham X. Chemical procedures for analysis of polysaccharides. pp. 34-50. In: Methods In Enzymology 3. Academic Press, New York, NY, USA (1957)
  25. Finley PR, Schifman RB, Williams RJ, Lichti DA. Cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein: use of $Mg^{2+}$/dextran sulfate in its enzymic measurement. Clin. Chem. 24: 931-933 (1978)
  26. Giegel JL, Ham AB, Clema W. Manual and semi-automated procedures for measurements of triglycerides in serum. Clin. Chem. 21: 1575-1581 (1975)
  27. Kanai M. Kanai's Manual of Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Kanehara, Tokyo, Japan (1998)
  28. Junod A, Lambert AE, Staufacher W, Renold AE. Diabetogenic action of streptozotocin: Relationship of dose to metabolic response. J. Clin. Invest. 48: 2129-2139 (1969) https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI106180
  29. Lee JS, Son HS, Maeng YS, Chang YK, Ju JS. Effects of buckwheat on organ weight, glucose and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Korean J. Nutr. 27: 819-827 (1994)
  30. Gallaher DD, Csallany AS, Shoeman DW, Olsen JM. Diabetes increases excretion of urinary malonaldehyde conjugates in rats. Lipids 28: 663-666 (1993) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02536063
  31. Steer KA, Sochor M, McLean P. Renal hypertrophy in experimental diabetes. Changes in pentose phosphate pathway activity. Diabetes 34: 485-490 (1985) https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.34.5.485
  32. Dai S, Thompson KH, McNeill JH. One-year treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with vanadyl sulphate. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 74: 101-109 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1994.tb01083.x
  33. Seyer-Hansen K. Renal hypertrophy in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. 51 Suppl.: 551-555 (1976)
  34. Wannamethee SG, Perry IJ, Shaper AG. Hematocrit and risk of NIDDM. Diabetes 45: 576-579 (1996) https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.45.5.576
  35. Yi KN, Rhee CS. Clinical Phathology File. Euihak Munwhasa, Seoul, Korea. pp. 278-283 (1990)
  36. Zhang SL, Chen X, Hsieh TJ, Leclerc M, Henley N, Allidina A, Hallé JP, Brunette MG, Filep JG, Tang SS, Ingelfinger JR, Chan JS. Hyperglycemia induces insulin resistance on angiotensinogen gene expression in diabetic rat kidney proximal tubular cells. J. Endocrinol. 172: 333-344 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1720333
  37. Meglasson MD, Burch PT, Berner DK, Najafi H, Matschinsky FM. Identification of glucokinase as an alloxan sensitive glucose sensor of the pancreatic beta-cell. Diabetes 35: 1163-1173 (1986) https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.35.10.1163
  38. De Leo ME, Landriscina M, Palazzotti B, Borrello S, Galeotti T. Iron modulation of LPS-induced manganese superoxide dismutase gene expression in rat tissues. FEBS Lett. 403: 131-135 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00034-3
  39. Cho SY, Park JY, Park EM, Choi MS, Lee MK, Jeon SM, Jang MK, Kim MJ, Park YB. Alternation of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by supplementation of dandelion water extract. Clin. Chim. Acta 317: 109-117 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-8981(01)00762-8
  40. Bar-on H, Levy E, Oschry Y, Ziv E, Scafrir E. Removal defect of very-low-density lipoproteins from diabetic rats. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 793: 115-118 (1984) https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(84)90059-6
  41. Kim OK. Antidiabetic and antioxidative effects of Corni fructus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J. Korean Oil Chem. Soc. 22: 157-167 (2005)