Preparation and Quality Characterization of Apple Jam with Rosa rugosa Thunb. Fruit

해당화 열매 첨가 사과잼 제조 및 품질 특성

  • Kim, Mi-Hyun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Myung-Hee (Department of Food Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Yun, Sun-Ju (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Byung-Yong (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Chang-Won (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Bo-Ae (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Jang, Ki-Hyo (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Jae-Cheol (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Surh, Jeong-Hee (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University)
  • 김미현 (강원대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김명희 (강릉원주대학교 식품과학과) ;
  • 윤선주 (강원대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이병용 (강원대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이창원 (강원대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김보애 (강원대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 장기효 (강원대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이재철 (강원대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 서정희 (강원대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2010.05.17
  • Accepted : 2010.06.24
  • Published : 2010.08.31

Abstract

Various contents of Rosa rugosa Thunb. fruit(0, 10, 20%), which is grown along the seashore of Gangwon province, were applied to apple jams having different sugar concentrations(20, 40, 60%). The resulting jams were analyzed using a sensory scoring test as well as a response surface methodology to identify the optimum conditions for the preparation of high-preference apple jams. The sensory properties based on sense of sight, smell and taste appeared to be linked to the sugar contents. It could be attributed to the presence of flavor compounds and pigments generated from the caramelization of sugar molecules during heat processing. On the other hand, rheological properties such as viscosity and spreadability were associated with Rosa rugosa fruit content, which was also verified by textural analysis of the jams. As the contents of Rosa rugosa increased, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of the jams decreased, which eventually might have contributed to the less thick and thus more spreadable sensory characteristics. Sensory evaluation revealed that apple jams were preferred when prepared with $\leq$10% of Rosa rugosa fruit and $\geq$55% of sugar contents. In particular, apple jams containing 10% Rosa rugosa and 60% sugar showed better mechanical qualities as well as higher sensory preference among 10 jams formulated using central composite design.

본 연구에서는, 강원도 해안지역 특산물인 해당화 열매를 소비자의 접근성이 높은 잼에 첨가하여 지역을 대표하는 지역특화 제품으로 개발하는 것이 가능할지 알아보고자 하였다. 중심합성계획법에 따라, 해당화 열매와 설탕 첨가량을 달리하여 10종의 잼을 제조하였다. 제조된 10종의 잼을 관능검사로 평가하여 반응표면분석을 실시한 결과, 잼의 관능적 특성 중 시각, 후각, 미각에 의해 인지되는 특성인 색, 광택, 이취, 단맛, 신맛은 설탕의 첨가량에 의해 지배적으로 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 설탕 자체의 단맛 뿐 아니라, 가열 공정이 주를 이루는 잼 제조 공정 중, 일부의 설탕 분자가 열에 의해 분해되는 caramelization반응이 일어나, 기호도에 영향을 줄 수 있는 향미물질(flavor compounds)과 색소(pigments)를 형성했기 때문으로 해석되었다. 또한, 관능검사 항목 중 물성 특성인 끈기(되직한 정도)와 발림성은 해당화 열매 첨가량과 연관된 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 해당화 열매 첨가량이 증가할수록, 완성된 잼의 수분함량이 증가하였고, 이는 덜 되직하고 부드럽게 잘 발리는 관능적 특성으로 평가되었다. 이 결과는 기계적 물성 평가로 얻어진 각 잼의 경도(hardness), 점착성(gumminess), 씹힘성(chewiness)의 경향과도 일치하였다. 즉, 해당화 열매의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라, 당의 함량이 증가하고, 당의 높은 물결합력은 펙틴 분자끼리의 상호 결합을 촉진시켰으며, junction zone안에 더 많은 물을 보유하게 함으로써 내부적 결합력이 강하고, 부드러운 물성의 잼을 형성한 것으로 해석되었다. 5점 평점법으로 평가된 관능검사 결과에서 모든 항목이 3점 이상으로 높은 기호도를 보여 만족도(desirability)가 높았던 설탕 첨가량 60%에서 제조된 3종의 잼(해당화 첨가량 0%, 10%, 20%)을 기계적 물성 평가와 관능평가로 비교분석 하였을 때, 해당화 첨가량이 10%인 잼이 색, 광택, 끈기, 발림성 항목에서 기호도가 유의적으로 높았고, 물성 또한 개선된 것이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는, 소비자의 순응도가 비교적 높은 사과잼에 그 기호도와 물성의 유의적 저하 없이 해당화 열매의 기능성이 추가될 수 있음을 시사하였다.

Keywords

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