Food Science of Animal Resources (한국축산식품학회지)

Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources (한국축산식품학회)
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Effect of Quality Grades on Carcass Characteristics, Physico-chemical and Sensory Traits of Longissimus Dorsi in Hanwoo

한우 육질등급에 따른 도체등급 요인, 이화학적 및 관능특성

  • 이종문 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 최주희 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 이현경 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 나재천 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 김윤호 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 천동원 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 서상철 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 황규석 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원)
  • Received : 2010.03.24
  • Accepted : 2010.06.10
  • Published : 2010.06.30
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Abstract

Analyses were conducted to estimate the effect of quality grade on the carcass characteristics, physico-chemical and sensory traits of Longissimus dorsi in Hanwoo. A total of 42,113 carcasses were selected on the basis of five quality grades (grade $1^{++}$, $1^+$, 1, 2, and 3) and an additional 258 samples of Longissimus dorsi were used to evaluate the beef quality. The increase in quality grade from grade 3 to grade $1^{++}$ was significant (p<0.05) for carcass weight (from 338.7 kg to 387.2 kg), backfat thickness (from 7.45 mm to 12.23 mm) and marbling score (from 1.09 to 8.31). In contrast, significantly decreased levels of meat color, fat color, texture and maturity were apparent with increasing quality grade (p<0.05). Increasing quality grade was also correlated with significant increases (p<0.05) in crude fat contents (from 3.57% to 25.68%) and water holding capacity (from 52.41% to 58.03), and a decrease of the Warner-Bratzler shear force from 8.29 kg to 2.83 kg. The highest $L^*$ value (41.53) and highest cooking loss (22.11%) were observed with grade $1^{++}$ and 3 beef, respectively. There was no difference observed on $pH_{24}$ (5.53 to 5.66) among the quality grades, which were within the normal range. Sensory evaluation experiments revealed that quality grades were associated with significantly altered (all p<0.05) tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and overall acceptability. The crude fat contents showed significant correlation with juiciness (r=0.59), tenderness (r=0.71), flavor (r=0.55), and overall acceptability (r=0.69). The lower sensory trait scores were related to higher WBs. Grade $1^+$ Hanwoo beef had a significantly higher WBs and lower fat contents when compared to grade $1^{++}$ Hanwoo beef (p<0.05).

육질등급별 도체등급요인에 대한 분석 결과는 육질등급이 3등급에서 $1^{++}$등급으로 높아지면서 도체중, 등지방두께, 근내지방도는 증가하였으며(p<0.05) 육색, 지방색, 조직감 및 성숙도는 낮아지는 경향이었다(p<0.05). 한우고기의 이화학적 특성에서, 육질등급이 3등급에서 $1^{++}$등급으로 증가될수록 전단력은 8.29 kg에서 2.83 kg으로 감소하였고, 보수력은 52.41%에서 58.03%로, 조지방 함량은 3.57%에서 25.68%로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 기계적으로 측정한 육색에서 명도는 $1^{++}$등급 쇠고기가 41.53으로 가장 높았고 가열감량은 3등급쇠고기가 22.11%로 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 도축 후 24시간에 측정한 pH는 5.53-5.66범위로 정상적인 pH 값을 나타내었다. 6점 만점으로 평가된 관능특성에서, 육질등급이 3등급에서 $1^{++}$등급으로 높아질수록 연도, 다즙성, 향미 및 전체평점은 증가하였다(p<0.05). 조지방 함량은 다즙성(0.59), 연도(0.71), 향미(0.55) 및 전체평점(0.6)과 상관관계가 있었으며. 전단력은 다즙성, 연도, 향미 및 전체평점과 각각 -0.47, -0.64, -0.52 및 -0.61의 상관관계가 있었다. 이상의 연구결과에서 $1^{++}$ 등급 쇠고기에 비하여 $1^+$등급이하 등급은 전단력이 높고, 조지방 함량이 낮은(p<0.05) 것은 한우고기의 연도증진과 근내지방함량에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.

Keywords

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