Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene (한국산업보건학회지)

Korean Industrial Hygiene Association (한국산업보건학회)
권호 표지

Assessment of Time Activity Pattern for Workers

직장인의 시간활동 양상 평가

  • Lee, Hyun-Soo (Department of Occupational Health, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Shuai, Jianfei (Department of Occupational Health, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Woo, Byung-Lyul (Department of Occupational Health, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Hwang, Moon-Young (Environmental Epidemiology Division, Environmental Health Risk Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Park, Choong-Hee (Environmental Epidemiology Division, Environmental Health Risk Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Yu, Seung-Do (Environmental Epidemiology Division, Environmental Health Risk Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Yang, Won-Ho (Department of Occupational Health, Catholic University of Daegu)
  • 이현수 (대구가톨릭대학교 산업보건학과) ;
  • 솨이 지엔페이 (대구가톨릭대학교 산업보건학과) ;
  • 우병렬 (대구가톨릭대학교 산업보건학과) ;
  • 황문영 (국립환경과학원 환경건강위해성연구부 환경역학과) ;
  • 박충희 (국립환경과학원 환경건강위해성연구부 환경역학과) ;
  • 유승도 (국립환경과학원 환경건강위해성연구부 환경역학과) ;
  • 양원호 (대구가톨릭대학교 산업보건학과)
  • Received : 2010.03.27
  • Accepted : 2010.06.18
  • Published : 2010.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Personal exposure relies on characteristics of time activity patterns of the population of concern as human activities impact the timing, location, and level of personal exposure. The information about time spent in microenvironments plays a critical role for personal exposure to air pollutants. It is useful to determine the precise times of the day that the subjects are in certain locations or engaging in specific activities because exposure to some air pollutants can depend on temporal trends. This study investigated time activity pattern for workers of Korean population over 19 years old with 8,778 workers in weekday. The residential indoor times were 12 hours. Time activity was different by gender and the mean times stayed at home in weekday were 12.9 hours in female and 11.42 hours in male, respectively. The major factors on residential indoor time and workplace time were age, monthly income, occupation and industry type, work position, education, and gender. Considering shorter than those in other countries, Korean workers spent less time at home after the working hours. Determinants of time activity pattern need to be taken into account in exposure assessment, epidemiological analyses, exposure simulations, as well as in the development of preventive strategies. Since there are substantial difference of Korean worker activity pattern, this information can be critical for exposure assessment in Korea.

Keywords

References

  1. 노동부; OECD국가의 근로시간 동향: 2006
  2. 양원호, 이기영, 박경화, 윤충식, 손부순, 전준민, 이현수, 최욱희, 유승도, 한진석. 한국인의 평일 및 주말의 국소환경 시간활동 양상. 한국실내환경학회지 2009;6(4): 267-274
  3. 정순원, 양원호, 손부순. 공동주택 내 이산화질소(NO2) 및 휘발성유기화합물(VOCs) 노출에 따른 건강 위해성평가.한국환경보건학회지 2007;33(4):242-249
  4. 통계청; 2004, 생활시간조사; 2004, http://survey.go.kr/lifestyle
  5. Jantunen MJ, Katsouyanni K, Knoppel H, Kunzli N, Lebret E, Maroni M, Saarela K, Sram R, Zmirou D. Air Pollution Exposure in European Cities: the EXPOLIS Study, Final Report; 2004
  6. Graham SE, McCurdy T, Developing meaningful cohorts for human expsure models, Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 2004;14:23-43. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500293
  7. Kruize H, H?nninen O, Breugelmans O, Lebret E, Jantunen M. Description and demonstration of the EXPOLIS simulation model: Two examples of modeling population exposure to particulate matter, Journal Of Exposure Analysis And Environmental Epidemiology, 2003;13(2):87-99. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500258
  8. Klepeis NE, Nelson WC, Ott WR, Robinson JP, Tsang AM, Switzer P, Behar JV, Hern SC, Engelmann, W.H.; The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 2001;11:231-252 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500165
  9. Lai HK, Kendall M, Ferrier H, Lindup I, Alm S, Hanninen O, Jantunen M, Mathys P, Colvile R, Ashmore MR, Cullinan P, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. Personal exposures and microenvironment concentrations of PM2.5, VOC, NO2 and CO in Oxford, UK. Atmospheric Environment, 2004;38: 6399- 6410 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.07.013
  10. Lee K, Yang W, Bofinger ND. Impact of microenvironmental nitrogen dioxide concentrations on personal exposures in Australia. J AirWasteManage Assoc, 2000;50:1739?.44
  11. Liu W, Zhang J, Korn LR, Zhang L, Weisel CP, Turpin B, Morandi M, Stock T, Colome S. Predicting personal exposure to airborne carbonyls using residential measurements and time/activity data. Atmospheric Environment, 2007;41: 5280- 5288 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.089
  12. Lydia EG, Antonio K, Otto K, Applying indoor and outdoor modeling techniques to estimate individual exposure to PM2.5 from personal GPS profiles and diaries: A pilot study. Science of the Total Environment, 2009;407:5184?5193 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.06.006
  13. Noy D, Brunekreef B, Boleij JSM., Houthuijs D, De Koning R. The assessment of personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide in epidemiological studies. Atmospheric Environment, 1990; 24(12):2903-2909 https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(90)90470-8
  14. Schwab M, Steven DC, Spengler JD, and Ryan PB. Activity patterns applide to pollutant exposure assessment: data from a personal monitoring study in Los Angeles. Toxicology and industrial Health, 1990;6(6):517-532
  15. Sexton K, Mongin SJ, Adgate JL, Pratt GC, Ramachandran G, Stock TH, Morandi MT. Estimating volatile organic compound concentrations in selected microenvironments using time-activity and personal exposure data. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2007;70:465-476 https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390600870858
  16. Shiotsu M, Yoshizawa S, Ikeda K, NOZAKI A. Survey on human activity patterns according to time and place. J Archit Plann Environ Eng AIJ. 1998;511:45-52
  17. Son B, Breysee P, Yang W. Volatile organic compounds concentrations in residential and indoor and outdoor and its personal exposure in Korea. Environment International, 2003; 29:79-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00148-4
  18. Tielemans E, Heederik D, Vermeulen R, Kromhout H, Hartog K, Burdorf A, Veulemans H. Assessment of occupational exposures in a general population. comparison of different methods. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1999 56(3);145-151 https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.56.3.145
  19. Zipprich JL, Harris SA, Fox JC, Borzelleca JF, An analysis of factors that influence personal exposure to nitrogen oxides in residents of Richmond, Virginia. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 2002;12(4):273-285 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500226
  20. USEPA, Exposure Factors Handbook I, General Factors;1997, EPA/600/ p.95-002Fa
  21. WHO Guideline for air quality, World Health Organization document; 2000. WHO/SED/OEH/, WHO, Geneva.