Journal of Bio-Environment Control (생물환경조절학회지)

The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control (한국생물환경조절학회)
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Evaluation of Fruit Quality during Shelf-life at High Temperature Environment in 'Wonhwang' and 'Whasan' Pears

'원황' 및 '화산' 배의 숙도별 고온유통환경에서의 품질 평가

  • Lee, Ug-Yong (Dept. of Horticulture, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Oh, Kyoung-Young (Dept. of Horticulture, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Choi, Jin-Ho (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Hwang, Yong-Soo (Dept. of Horticulture, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Choi, Jong-Myung (Dept. of Horticulture, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Chun, Jong-Pil (Dept. of Horticulture, Chungnam National University)
  • Received : 2011.07.18
  • Accepted : 2011.09.21
  • Published : 2011.09.30
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Abstract

We evaluated the changes of fruit quality factors and the incidence of physiological disorders during the periods of high temperature environment in 'Wonhwang' and 'Whasan' pears to determine appropriate harvest time for exportation. In 'Wonhwang' pears, the fruits harvested at 130 days after full bloom (DAFB) showed 31.3 and 17.6N of flesh firmness after 5 and 10 days after simulated marketing at $30^{\circ}C$, respectively, while those of the fruits harvested at 135 DAFB lowered to 16.7 or 6.9N, respectively. Whereas, 'Whasan' pear showed higher firmness during 14 days of high marketing condition than 'Wonhwang' pears which represented 30.4, 26.5 and 21.6N in the fruits harvested 145, 150 and 155 DAFB, respectively. Higher soluble solid contents and lower acidity values observed in the late harvested fruits in both cultivar along with increased marketing period at $30^{\circ}C$. Late harvested 'Wonhwang' pears showed higher respiration rate and ethylene production than early harvested ones, while those of 'Whasan' pears showed lower values regardless of fruit maturity which represented less than 50% of 'Wonhwang' pears. The incidence of physiological disorders such as internal browning, water soaking, flesh spot decay, core breakdown and pithiness appeared more severely in the fruits of 'Wonhwang' in accordance with the progress of high temperature marketing and fruit maturity. Whereas, those symptoms were occurred only after 14 days of prolonged marketing time in 'Whasan' pears. Consequently, it was needed to pay more attention to determine the ripeness when the fruits exported to the country with high temperature environment, especially in the fruits of 'Wonhwang' pears showing rapid quality loss and severe physiological disorders.

본 연구에서는 '원황' 및 '화산' 배의 고온유통 중 품질변화 및 생리장해 발생을 확인하기 위하여 과실을 수확시기에 따라 공시하여 그 차이를 확인하였다. '원황'의 경우 $30^{\circ}C$ 유통 5일 및 10일 후에 과육경도는 만개 후 135일 수확한 과실은 각각 16.7 및 6.9N으로 경도 하락이 단기간에 유의하게 크게 나타났고, 만개 후 130일 수확 과실은 각각 31.3 및 17.6N으로 조사되어 수확시기에 따른 차이가 유의하게 나타났다. '화산' 배에서는 만개 후 145, 150 및 155일에 수확한 과실의 경도는 고온유통 14일에 각각 30.4, 26.5 및 21.6N으로 수확시기에 따른 유통 중 경도차이가 분명하였다. 가용성고형물함량은 두 품종 모두 수확시기가 늦을수록 증가하였고 산함량은 수확시기가 늦고 고온유통기간이 증가하면서 낮아졌다. '원황' 배에 있어 고온유통 중 호흡율 및 에틸렌 발생량은 만개 후 135일 수확 과실이 만개 후 130일 수확 과실에 비해 다소 높게 측정되었고, '화산' 배의 경우 수확시기에 관계없이 고온유통 중 호흡율 및 에틸렌 발생량도 '원황'에 비해 절반 이하로 유의하게 낮았는데 수확시기에 따른 변화도 차이가 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 과실 내부에 발생하는 생리장해를 측정한 결과, '원황' 배의 경우 만개 후 135일에 수확한 과실은 만개 후 130일 수확 과실에 비해 과육수침 및 FSD 등 생리장해 발생이 유의하게 높았고 유통 5일에 대부분의 과실에서 과심갈변 증상이 나타났다. '화산' 배에서는 고온유통 14일에만 과심갈변과 바람들이 장해가 증가하였는데 유통 7일까지는 생리장해 발생이 비교적 낮은 수준을 유지하였다. 종합적으로 두 품종의 생리장해 발생은 수출선적 당시의 과실성숙도에 크게 영향을 받으며 유통기간이 길어짐에 따라 크게 발생하였으므로 유통온도가 높은 지역으로 수출하는 경우에는 '원황' 배의 경우매우 단기간에 과실의 품위가 저하되므로 수확시기 및 선별작업에 주의를 기울여야할 것으로 사료되었다.

Keywords

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