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Addition of Starters in Pasteurized Brined Baechu Cabbage Increased Kimchi Quality and Health Functionality

저온살균 절임배추에 Starter 첨가로 인한 김치의 품질 및 기능성 증진

  • Han, Gwi-Jung (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Choi, Hye-Sun (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Sun-Mi (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Eun-Ji (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University) ;
  • Park, So-Eun (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University) ;
  • Park, Kun-Young (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University)
  • 한귀정 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 최혜선 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 이선미 (부산대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이은지 (부산대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 박소은 (부산대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 박건영 (부산대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2010.12.01
  • Accepted : 2010.12.27
  • Published : 2011.01.31

Abstract

Shelf-life of brined baechu cabbage was extended by pasteurization at $65^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Starters (Leu. citreum and Lab. plantarum) were added to the pasteurized brined cabbage to supply beneficial lactic acid bacteria during kimchi fermentation. Control kimchis made with baechu cabbage without pasteurization and no addition of the starters to the pasteurized cabbage kimchi were also prepared. The fermentation characteristics and health functionalities of DPPH free radical scavenging activities and in vitro anticancer effects in AGS human gastric cancer cells were compared. The pasteurized brined cabbage could not be fermented well and the functionalities were also low; however, the addition of starter(s), especially mixed starters of Leu. citreum and Lab. plantarum to the pasteurized brined cabbage, significantly increased the counts of lactic acid bacteria, hardness (texture) and overall acceptability in sensory evaluation. The free radical scavenging activities and the anticancer effects were also increased. The fermentation patterns of starter added kimchi prepared with pasteurized brined cabbage were similar to those of naturally fermented kimchi. It seemed that growth of lactic acid bacteria during kimchi fermentation contributed to increased taste and health functionality of kimchi.

$65^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 저온살균법을 이용해 저장성이 증진된 절임배추에 Leu. citreum과 Lab. plantarum을 첨가한 스타터 김치를 제조하여 $5^{\circ}C$에서 4주간 발효시켰다. 발효 2주차에 일반김치의 pH가 4.29, 저온살균 한 절임배추로 제조한 김치가 pH 4.38로 발효 속도가 가장 늦었고 스타터 첨가 김치는 pH 4.28~4.31로 일반김치와 큰 차이가 없었다. 총 균수의 경우 일반김치에 비해 저온살균 한 김치에서 낮은 균수를 보였으며 총 Leuconostoc sp.와 Lactobacillus sp. 수의 경우 발효 3주째 저온살균 한 절임배추 김치에 비해 혼합균주를 첨가한 김치에서 높게 나타났으며 일반김치와 비슷한 균수를 관찰할 수 있었다. 관능검사에서 종합적인 만족도는 스타터 첨가 김치가 일반김치에 비해 높게 나타났으며 특히 혼합균을 첨가했을 때 높은 만족도를 보였다. 저온살균 한 절임 배추로 제조한 김치는 일반김치에 비해 DPPH 라디칼 소거능이 현저히 감소했지만, 이 절임배추에 스타터를 첨가한 김치는 일반김치와 유사하였다. in vitro 항암 효과를 각 군별로 비교하였을 때 Leu. citreum과 Lab. plantarum의 혼합균주 첨가 김치가 다른 군별 김치보다 유의적으로 높은 암세포 성장 저해 효과를 보였다(p<0.05). 혼합균주 첨가 김치의 암세포 성장 저해 효과는 91%를 나타냈으며, Leu. citreum을 첨가한 경우 89%, 일반김치의 경우 86%, Lab. plantarum을 첨가한 경우 80%, 저온살균 한 절임배추로 제조한 김치의 경우 73%의 결과를 보여, 혼합균주 첨가 김치의 암세포 성장 저해 효과가 가장 높았다. 저온살균 한 절임배추로 제조한 김치는 일반김치보다 기능성이 감소되지만 살균효과로 저장성은 증진되며 저온살균을 적용하되 스타터를 이용하면 그 기능성을 더 높게 조절할 수 있다. 특히 기능이 더 우수한 유산균을 사용한다면 품질과 기능성을 더 높일 가능성도 있다. 결국 이 경우 스타터로 사용하면 이화학적으로 일정한 품질의 김치를 생산할 수 있을 뿐더러 저장성 및 기능성의 증진을 기대할 수 있다.

Keywords

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