Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
권호 표지

Trends in Liver Cancer Incidence between 1985 and 2009, Khon Kaen, Thailand: Cholangiocarcinoma

Kamsa-Ard, Supot;Wiangnon, Surapon;Suwanrungruang, Krittika;Promthet, Supannee;Khuntikeo, Narong;Kamsa-Ard, Siriporn;Mahaweerawat, Suwannee

  • Published : 20110900
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: The Khon Kaen Cancer Registry (KKCR), having both hospital and population-based registration, was established in 1984 at the Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University. Liver cancer is the most frequent malignancy among Thais from northeastern Thailand, but there has hitherto been no assessment of trends over time. Objective: To perform a statistical assessment of the incidence trends between 1985 and 2009 of liver cancer, specifically focusing on cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA). Methods: Cases of CHCA, registered between 1985 and 2009, were retrieved from the KKCR and all those with a specific ICD-O-3rd diagnosis with a coding of C22.1, C24.0, C24.8 and C24.9 were selected. Incidence trends were calculated using the generalized linear model method (GLM), which generates incidence rate based logarithms. Jointpoint analysis was used to identify the best fitting model. Results: Of the 18,589 cases of liver cancer 42% (7,859) were hepatocellular carcinoma and 58% (10,731) were CHCA. Among persons with CHCA, males were affected two times more frequently than females. Three-quarters of the cases were between 55 and 69 years of age. Morphology verified through a cytological or histological examination of tissue from the primary site (%MV) was only 10.8 % (1,141). The respective overall Age Standardized Rate (ASR) for CHCA from 1985 to 2009 was 16.8 to 62.0 per 100,000 among males and 4.8 to 25.6 per 100,000 among females. The respective, overall, ASR of CHCA among males vs. females was 44.3 per 100,000 (95% CI: 38.9 to 49.7) vs. 17.6 (95% CI: 14.5 to 20.7). Among males vs. females, the respective incidence from 1990 to 2009 has been significantly decreasing by -0.7% per year (annual percent change, APC: -0.7%, 95%CI: -2.1% to +0.8%) vs. -0.4% per year (APC: -0.4%, 95% CI: -2.1% to +1.4%). Conclusions: The rate increase in the first 5 to 6 years may be due to improved completeness of the registry, since in the subsequent 10 to 12 years there is a rather stable rate. It may be, however, that the recent decline in incidence represents a real fall in risk.

Keywords

References

  1. Amonl JJ, Nedsuwan S, Chantra S, et al (2005). Trends in liver cancer, Sa Kaeo Province Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 6, 382-6.
  2. Bray F, Parkin DM (2009). Evaluation of data quality in the cancer registry: Principles and methods. Part I: Comparability, validity and timeliness. Eur J Cancer, 45, 747-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2008.11.032
  3. Bureau of Policy and Strategy, Ministry of Public Health. [Online] 2009 [cited 2010 Oct 1]. Available from http://bps.ops.moph.go.th/
  4. Cancer Unit, Khon Kaen University. Tumor Registry 2009. (2010). Khon Kaen: Faculty of Medicine, Srinagarind Hospital Khon Kaen University.
  5. Deerasamee S, Martin N, Sontipong S, et al, editors (1999). Cancer in Thailand Vol. II, 1992-1994. IARC Technical Report No. 34, Lyon: IARC.
  6. Elkins DB, Haswell-Elkins MR, Mairiang E, et al (1990). A high frequency of hepatobiliary disease and suspected cholangiocarcinoma associated with heavy Opisthorchis viverrini infection in a small community in northeast Thailand. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 84, 715-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(90)90159-C
  7. Ferlay J, Burkhard C, Whelan S, Parkin DM (2005). Check and conversion programs for cancer registries (IARC/IACR tools for cancer registries). IARC technical report no. 42. Lyon: IARC; 2005.
  8. Fritz A, Percy C, Jack A, et al (2000). International Classification of Disease for Oncology, 3rd Edition. ICD-O. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  9. International Association of Cancer Registries. Software [on line] 2004 [cited 2004 Dec 7]. Available from: http://www.iacr.com.fr/ International rules for multiple primary cancers (ICD-O Third edition), IACR, Lyon 2004.
  10. Jensen OM, Parkin DM, Maclennan R, et al (1991). Cancer registration: principles and methods. IARC scientific publications No.95, Lyon, 159-76.
  11. Khuhaprema T, Srivatanakul P, Attasara P, Sriplung H, Wiangnon S, Sumitsawan Y. editors (2010). Cancer in Thailand Vol. V, 2000-2003. Bangkok: Bangkok Medical Publisher; 2010.
  12. Khuhaprema T, Srivatanakul P, Sriplung H, Wiangnon S, Sumitsawan Y, Attasara P. Editors (2007). Cancer in Thailand Vol. IV, 1998-2000. Bangkok: Bangkok Medical Publisher.
  13. Kim HJ, Fay MP, Feuer EJ, et al (2000).Permutation tests for Joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates. Stat Med, 19, 335-51. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::AID-SIM336>3.0.CO;2-Z
  14. Mairiang E, Chaiyakuma J, Chamadola N, et al (2006). Ultrasound screening for Opisthorchis viverrini-associated cholangiocarcinomas: Experience in an endemic area. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 7, 431-3
  15. Mairiang E, Elkins DB, Mairiang P, et al (1992). Relationship between intensity of Opisthorchis viverrini infection and hepatobiliary disease detected by ultrasonography. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 7, 17-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.1992.tb00928.x
  16. Ministry of Public Health. Public Statistics (2009). Bangkok: Bureau of Policy and Strategy.
  17. National Cancer Institute. Joinpoint regression program, version 2.7, September 2003. Available at http://srab.cancer.gov/joinpoint.
  18. Parkin DM, Bray F (2009). Evaluation of data quality in the cancer registry: Principles and methods. Part II: Completeness. Eur J Cancer, 45, 756-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2008.11.033
  19. Parkin DM, Ohshima H, Srivatanakul P, Vatanasapt V (1993). Cholangiocarcinoma: epidemiology, mechanisms of carcinogenesis and prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2, 537- 44.
  20. Parkin DM, Wabinga H, Nambooze S (2001). Completeness in an African cancer registry. Cancer Causes Control, 12, 147-52. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008966225984
  21. Prime Minister's Office. Population projections for Thailand 2000-2030. Office of the national economic and social development board. October 2007.
  22. Qiu D, Hirabayashi Y. Comparison of time trends in liver cancer incidence (1973-1997) in East Asia, Europe and USA, from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Vol. IV-VIII (2007). Jpn J Clin Oncol, 37, 402-3. https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hym061
  23. Sripa B (2005). Etiology and pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma: Introduction to the association with liver fluke Infection. Srinagarind Med J, 20, 122-34
  24. Sripa B (2011). Liver flukes and cholangiocarcinoma: Major neglected foodborne trematodes and their related diseases. Tropical Disease Research. Software [online] 2007 [cited 2011 Aug 9]. Available from: http://www.tdr.kku.ac.th/
  25. Sriplung H, Sontipong S, Martin N, et al (2003). Cancer in Thailand Vol. III , 1995-1997. Bangkok: Bangkok Medical Publisher; 2003.
  26. Srivatanakul P, Parkin DM Jing YZ, et al (1991). The role of infection by Opisthorchis viverrini, hepatitis B virus, and aflatoxin exposure in the etiology of liver cancer in Thailand. A correlation study. Cancer, 68, 2411-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19911201)68:11<2411::AID-CNCR2820681114>3.0.CO;2-0
  27. Suwanrungruang K, Sriplung H, Attasara P, et al (2011). Quality of case ascertainment in cancer registries: A proposal for a virtual three-source capture-recapture technique. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 12, 173-8.
  28. Upatham ES, Viyanant V, Brockelman WY, et al (1988). Rate of re-infection by Opisthorchis viverrini in an endemic northeast Thai community after chemotherapy. Int J Parasitol, 18, 643-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(88)90099-9
  29. Vatanasapt V, Martin N, Sriplung H, et al (1993). Cancer in Thailand 1988-1991. (IARC Technical Report No. 16), Lyon, IARC.
  30. Vatanasapt V, Martin N, Sriplung H, et al (1995). Cancer incidence in Thailand 1988-1991. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers Prev, 4, 475-83.