Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
권호 표지

Habitat Classification and Distribution Characteristic of Aquatic Insect Functional Feeding Groups in the Geum River, Korea

금강 수계 서식지 유형분류 및 수서곤충 섭식기능군 분포특성

  • 박영준 (국립환경과학원 자연자원연구과) ;
  • 김기동 (국립환경과학원 자연자원연구과) ;
  • 조영호 (대전대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 한용구 (대전대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 김영진 (대전대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 남상호 (대전대학교 생명과학과)
  • Received : 2011.06.08
  • Accepted : 2011.09.09
  • Published : 2011.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was performed to classify habitat types depending on environmental factors and to find out distribution characteristics of functional feeding groups of aquatic insects which were collected at that habitat types. Field survey was conducted twice in a year for every spring and fall from 2007 to 2008 for 38 sites in the Geum River. During the field survey 15 environmental factors were measured at each 38 sites and analyzed by similarity analysis method to classify habitat types. The result of similarity analysis showed that the 38 sites could be grouped into 7 classes like as C1 and C3 class belong to Head water(HD), C2 and C4 and C5 class belong to Middle stream(MS), C6 and C7 class belong to Large River(LR) based on euclidean distances 4. And also, we could extract the main environmental factors affecting the classification of habitat types such as Stream Width and Elevation of physical environmental factors, Water Temperature, Conductivity and DO of chemical environmental factors, percentages of Sand, Silt and Gravel of substrate factors. Total 142 species of aquatic insects in 46 families, 9 orders were collected during the field surveys and the occurrence number of species and individuals showed high correlation with the Velocity factor and the percentage of Sand factor of each habitat types. In addition, correlation analysis between functional feeding groups and environmental factors represented that (1) Filtering-collectors(FC) affected by Velocity, Stream Width and Silt, (2) Gathering-collector(GC) affected by Velocity, (3) Predator(P) affected by Elevation, Velocity, Boulder, Conductivity and Sand, (4) Plant-piecer(PP) affected by Water Width and Silt, (5) Scraper(SC) affected by Elevation and Conductivity, (6) Shredder(SH) affected by Elevation, Boulder, DO, pH, Conductivity and Water Temperature respectively. As a result of this study, Elevation, Stream Width, Velocity, Conductivity, Water Temperature and percentage of Sand factors which were deduced by stepwise multiple regression analysis had correlations($r{\geqq}0.600$, p<0.01) with biota community inhabitation. Therefore these six environmental factors were regarded as major environmental factors that might affect highly the distribution of functional feeding groups in stream ecosystem of the Geum River.

본 연구는 금강 수계의 환경요인을 이용한 서식지 유형분류와 그에 따른 수서곤충 섭식기능군의 분포특성을 규명하기 위한 것으로 2007년부터 2008년까지 금강 수계에서 총 38개 지점에 대하여 봄과 가을에 걸쳐 년 2회씩 총 4회 조사를 실시하였다. 38개 조사지점별로 15개의 환경요인들을 현장 측정한 후 서식지 유사도 분석을 실시한 결과, 거리 척도값 4를 전후하여 상류구간(HD)은 C1과 C3그룹, 중류구간(MS)은 C2와 C4 그리고 C5그룹, 하류구간(LR)은 C6과 C7그룹으로 서식지 유형이 분류되었다. 서식지 유형분류에 있어 영향을 끼치는 주요한 환경요인은, 물리적 환경요인의 경우 하폭과 고도, 화학적 환경요인의 경우 수온과 전기전도도 그리고 DO, 하상재료의 경우 모래와 실트 그리고 잔자갈의 함량으로 분석되었다. 조사시기 동안 출현한 수서곤충은 총 9목 46과 142종으로 조사되었고, 서식지 유형별 종수 및 개체수 현존량 증감과 높은 상관성을 보인 주요 환경요인은 유속과 모래의 함량으로 나타났다. 또한 섭식기능군과 환경요인 사이의 상관성 분석결과, (1) 걸러먹는 무리(FC)는 유속, 수폭, 실트 (2) 주어먹는 무리(GC)는 유속 (3) 잡아먹는 무리(P)는 고도, 유속, 큰돌, 전기전도도, 모래 (4) 뚫어먹는 무리(PP)는 수폭, 실트 (5) 긁어먹는 무리(SC)는 유속, 전기전도도 (6) 썰어먹는 무리(SH)는 고도, 큰돌, DO, pH, 전기전도도, 수온과 각각 상관성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과, 단계적 다중회귀분석(SMRA)에 의해 도출된 금강 수계의 환경요인 중 고도, 하폭, 유속, 전기전도도, 수온 그리고 모래 등 6개의 요인은 생물군집의 서식과 상관성($r{\geqq}0.600$, P<0.01)이 있는 것으로 나타나 금강 수계 섭식기능군 분포에 영향을 미치는 주요한 요인으로 제시되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Allan, J.D.(1995) Stream Ecology. Structure and Function of Running Waters. Chapman & Hall, London. 388pp.
  2. Bae, Y.J., D.H. Won, D.H. Hoang, Y.H. Jin and J.M. Hwang(2003) Community Composition and Functional Feeding Groups of Aquatic Insects According to Stream Order from the Gapyeong Creek in Gyeonggi-do, Korea. Kor. J. Limnol. 36(1): 21-28. (in Korean with English abstract)
  3. Behmer, D.J. and C.P. Hawkins(1986) Effects of overhead canopy on macroinvertebrate production in a Utah stream. Freshwater Biology 16: 287-300. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1986.tb00972.x
  4. Beisser, M.C., S. Testa, III. and N.G. Aumen(1991) Macroinverteb rate trophic composition and processing of four leaf species in Mississippi stream. J. Freshwat. Ecol. 6: 23-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1991.9665272
  5. Bunn, S.E.(1986) Spatial and temporal variation in the macroinvertebrate fauna of streams of the northern Jarrah forest, Western Australis: functional organization. Freshwater Biology 16: 621-632. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1986.tb01005.x
  6. Choi, G.C., M.S. Kim, J,S. Hwang and G.U. Gyu(1995) Standard method of water quality pollution. Dong Hwa Technology Publ. Co., Ltd., Korea, 578pp. (in Korean)
  7. Chun, D.J.(2004) Study on stream ecosystem characteristics and biodiversity conservation. Bulletin of the KACN, No. 26: 7-14. (in Korean with English abstract)
  8. Cummins, K.W. and M.J. Klug(1979) Feeding ecology of stream invertebrates. Ann. Rev. Syst. 10: 147-172. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.10.110179.001051
  9. Cummins, K.W.(1962) An evaluation of some techniques for the collection and analysis of benthic samples with special emphasis on lotic water. Am. Midl. Nat. 67: 477-504. https://doi.org/10.2307/2422722
  10. Cummins, K.W.(1973) Trophic relations of aquatic insects. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 18: 183-206. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.18.010173.001151
  11. Cummins, K.W.(1974) Structure and function of stream ecosystems. Bioscience. 24(11): 631-641. https://doi.org/10.2307/1296676
  12. Edington, J.M.(1968) Habitat preferences in net spinning caddis larvae with special reference to the influence of water velocity. J. Anim. Ecol. 37: 675-692. https://doi.org/10.2307/3081
  13. Growns, I.O. and J.A. Davis(1994) Longitudinal changes in near-bed flows and macroinvertebrate communities in a Western Australian stream. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 13(4): 417-438. https://doi.org/10.2307/1467842
  14. Hawkins, C.P. and J.R. Sedell(1981) Longitudinal and seasonal changes in functional organization of macroinvertebrate communities in four Oregon streams. Ecology 62(2): 387-397. https://doi.org/10.2307/1936713
  15. Horne, A.J. and C.R. Goldman(1994) Limnology. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 576pp.
  16. Hu, B.J., L.F. Yang, B.X. Wang and L.N. Shan(2005) Functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrates in 1-6 order tributaries of the Chang-jiang River. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology 11: 463-466.
  17. Hwang, S.J, N.Y. Kim, D.H, Won, K.K. An, J.K. Lee, C.H. Kim and J.K. Shim(2006) Current status and perspective of biological assessments of water environment in Korea. Journal of Korea Society on Water Quality 22(5): 757-767. (in Korean with English abstract)
  18. Hynes, H.B.N.(1970) The Ecology of Running Waters. Livepool Univ. Press, Livepool, U.K.
  19. Jang, D.S.(2007) Community composition and community stability of benthic macro invertebrates from Daejeon-stream. Master's thesis, Univ of Daejeon, Korea, 90pp. (in Korean)
  20. Joo, G.J., H.W. Kim and K. Ha(1997) The development of stream ecology and current status in korea. Korean J. Ecol. 20(1): 69-78. (in Korean with English abstract)
  21. Lamberti, G.A. and V.H. Resh(1979) Substrate relationships, spatial distribution patterns, and sampling variability in a stream Caddisfly population. Envir. Ento. 8: 561-567.
  22. Merritt, R.W., and K.W. Cummins(1996) An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects or North America(3rd. ed.). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, Iowa.
  23. Minshall, G.W.(1984) Aquatic insect-substratum relationships. pp. 358-400. in V.H. Resh and D.M. Rosenberg(eds). The Ecology of Aquatic Insects, Praeger, New York.
  24. Nam, S.H. and H.J. Han(1994) Studies on the bioindicator of aquatic insects to water pollution. Natural Science of Daejeon Univ. 5(1): 73-100. (in Korean with English abstract)
  25. Nam, S.H., Y.H. Cho and Y.J. Park(2003) Flora and fauna investigation of ecosystem in streams and rivers, and suggestion of biological community successions(I). Geum River Environment Research Center, pp. 98-185. (in Korean)
  26. Nam, S.H., Y.H. Cho and Y.J. Park(2004) Flora and fauna investigation of ecosystem in streams and rivers, and suggestion of biological community successions(II). Geum River Environment Research Center, 309pp. (in Korean)
  27. Nam, S.H., Y.H. Cho, C.H. Lee and Y.J. Park(2001) A study on the aquatic insect community in the upper and middle streams of Gapcheon, Daejeon M. City. Natural Science of Daejeon Univ. 12(2): 25-37. (in Korean with English abstract)
  28. Negishi, J.N., M. Inoue and M. Nunokawa(2002) Effects of channelisation on stream habitat in relation to a spate and flow refugia for macroinvertebrates in northern Japan. Freshwater Ecology 47: 1515-1529. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00877.x
  29. Park, J.H.(2004) Development of stream urbanization index using by aquatic insect community -Wangsuk Stream Model-. Ph. D. thesis, Univ of Korea, Koera, 118pp. (in Korean)
  30. Park, J.S. and Y.S. Yoon(2002) Modern statistical(4th ed.). Dasan Publ. Co., Ltd., Korea, 567pp. (in Korean)
  31. Park, Y.J.(2004) Study on the community structure of the benthic macro inverterbrates and the biological evaluation of water quality at the urban stream in Daejeon Metropolitan City. Master's thesis, Univ of Daejeon, Korea, 108pp. (in Korean)
  32. Park, Y.J., H.M. Lim, K.D. Kim, Y.H. Cho, S.H. Nam and O.S. Kwon(2010) Community analysis bases on functional feeding groups of benthic macro invertebrate in Wangpi-cheon. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 24(5): 556-565. (in Korean with English abstract)
  33. Park, Y.J., Y.H. Cho, Y.G. Han, H.S. Oh, O.S. Kwon and S.H. Nam(2006) Fauna of Macro invertebrates and Composition of Functional Feeding Groups about the Aquatic Insects to Microhabitats from the Geum River. J. Ecol. Field Biol. 29(5): 415-424. https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2006.29.5.415
  34. Qu, X.D., Q.H. Cai, Z.C. Xie, T. Tang, M. Cao and D.F. Li(2007) Research of functional feeding groups of macro invertebrate in the stony habitat of the Xiangxi River system. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin. 16:738-743.
  35. Ro, T.H. and D.J. Chun(2004) Functional feeding group categorization of Korean immature aquatic insects and community stability analysis. Korean J. Limnol. 37(2):137-148. (in Korean with English abstract)
  36. Ro, T.H.(2002) Categorization and Ecological Importance of Functional Feeding Goups as Essential Units in Lotic Ecosystems. Bulletin of the KACN, No. 21: 67-93. (in Korean with English abstract)
  37. Ro, T.H., D.J. Chun, H.U. Lee, J.H. Park, S.J. Lee, J.H. Hwang and M.C. Kim(2006) Biota community change predicted program development by environment damage and restoration in rivers. -Imagination rviers continuum concept thesis and application-. Korea Environment Institute, 282pp. (in Korean)
  38. Rosenberg, D.M. and V.H. Resh(1993) Freshwater biomonitoring and benthic macroinvertebrates. Chapman and Hall, New York, 488pp.
  39. Shin, H.S, S.C. Park, J.K. Kim, S.J. Kim, J.H. Park, J.S. Choi and J.K. Choi(2006) Community Analysis based on Functional Feeding Groups of Aquatic Insects in Wonju Stream. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 20(2): 259-266. (in Korean with English abstract)
  40. Song, M.Y. and C.H. Park(2003) Application of an alternative management system ons stream classification as a new measure in Gyeonggi Province. Gyeonggi Research Institute, 104pp. (in Korean)
  41. Song, M.Y., J.S. Seo, H.G. Byeon, M.C. Kim and D.J. Chun(2005) Ecological survey on the major streams of nothern part in Gyeonggi-do. Gyeonggi Research Institute, 101pp. (in Korean)
  42. The ministry of Construction and Transportation(2002) River midification general plan in the Geum River. Daejeon Regional Construction and Management Administration, 696pp. (in Korean)
  43. The Ministry of Environment(2007) Survey and evaluation of aquatic ecosystem health in the Geum River. National Institute of Environmental Research, 196pp. (in Korean)
  44. The Ministry of Environment(2008) Survey and evaluation of aquatic ecosystem health in the Geum River. National Institute of Environmental Research, 415pp. (in Korean)
  45. Vannote, R.L., G.W. Minshall, K.W. Cummins, J.R. Sedell, and C.E. Cushing(1980) The river continuum concept. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 37: 130-137. https://doi.org/10.1139/f80-017
  46. Wallace, J.B. and R.W. Merritt(1980) Filter-feeding ecology of aquatic insects. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 25:103-32. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.25.010180.000535
  47. Ward, J.V.(1992) Aquatic insect ecology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  48. Williams, D.D. and B.W. Feltmate(1992) Aquatic Insects. CBA International, Wallingford, UK.
  49. Won, D.H., S.J. Kwon and Y.C. Jun(2005) Aquatic insects of Korea. Korea Ecosystem Service Co., Ltd., Korea, 415pp. (in Korean)