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Effect of Solar Salt on the Fermentation Characteristics of Kimchi

천일염이 김치발표에 미치는 영향

  • Chang, Ji-Yoon (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Center, Chosun University) ;
  • Kim, In-Cheol (Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University) ;
  • Chang, Hae-Choon (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Center, Chosun University)
  • 장지윤 (조선대학교 식품영양학과.김치연구센터) ;
  • 김인철 (목포대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 장해춘 (조선대학교 식품영양학과.김치연구센터)
  • Received : 2010.11.12
  • Accepted : 2011.03.25
  • Published : 2011.04.30

Abstract

To investigate the effect of a solar salt on Kimchi fermentation, Chinese cabbages were brined with four-years aged solar salt (FS), one-year aged solar salt (OS), and purified salt (PS). The Kimchi was fermented at $7^{\circ}C$ for 33 days. The changes in pH and acidity of the Kimch brined with PS was slower than those of Kimchis brined with FS and OS. In the Kimchis with FS and OS, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts increased from 7.10~7.22 log CFU/mL at 0 day to 9.26~9.42 log CFU/mL at 12 days, after which counts slightly decreased to 8.04~8.75 log CFU/mL by 33 days of fermentation. The LAB counts of the kimchi with PS slowly increased from 7.24 log CFU/mL at 0 day to 8.99 log CFU/mL at 27 days, after then which counts sharply decreased to 7.92 log CFU/mL by 33 days of fermentation. Yellowness (b) color values of the kimchi with PS (59.10) was higher than the Kimchi with FS (53.68) and the Kimchi with OS (53.77). Hardness of the Kimchi with FS was more firm than the other Kimchis after 33 days storage. Sensory evaluation of the Kimchi with FS showed higher score than that of the other Kimchis.

소금 종류에 따른 김치의 품질특성에 관한 연구는 몇몇 보고된바 있으나, 김치는 원 부재료를 멸균하지 않는 비살균 개방형 발효로서 원 부재료의 토착미생물에 의하여 발효가 이루어지고 소금의 농도 및 온도 등의 발효조건에 영향을 받는다. 이에 천일염이 김치의 품질에 미치는 직접적인 영향을 규명하기 위해 박테리오신 생성능이 강화된 Leuc. citreum GJ7을 종균으로 사용하여 김치내 미생물 제어에 의한 발효조건을 동일하게 하여주고, 이에 사용된 천일염 (4년 숙성, 1년 숙성) 및 정제염에 따른 차이가 김치의 발효숙성 중 김치품질특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 산도 변화에서 정제염으로 제조한 김치가 1년 숙성 천일염과 4년 숙성 천일염으로 제조한 김치보다 최적 가식기에 도달하는 시기는 늦었으나 이후 급격히 산도가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 김치내 총균수 및 유산균수는 4년 숙성 천일염 김치가 1년 숙성 천일염 김치와 정제염 김치에 비해 높게 나타났다. 숙성 33일에 Leuc. citreum GJ7 점유율은 4년 숙성 천일염 김치가 80.2%로 가장 높은 점유율을 보였으며, 1년 숙성 천일염 김치 75.8%, 정제염 김치 61.3%로 4년 숙성 천일염 김치가 가장 높게 나타났다. 김치의 황색도 (b)는 숙성시간이 경과함에 따라 증가되었으며, 정제염 김치가 증가폭이 가장 크게 나타났다. 또한 4년 숙성 천일염 김치가 경도가 가장 견고하였으며, 관능검사에서도 가장 높은 점수를 나타내어 김치발효에 가장 적합한 소금은 4년 숙성 천일염으로 나타났다. 김치담금사 사용소금에 따른 이와 같은 차이는 소금의 Na와 Cl 및 각종 무기질 조성 및 그 농도에 기인된 것으로 여겨진다.

Keywords

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