Abstract

This study looked into 110 sites of orchard fields to investigate the relationships between the physical and chemical properties of soils, including heavy metal contents, and the topographic characteristics of the fields in Jeonbuk province. The topographic distribution of orchard fields in Jeonbuk province was local valley and fans, hilly and mountains, mountain foot slopes, alluvial plains, diluvium, and fluvio-marine deposits. Forty-six percent (46%) of total orchard fields were located in the hilly and mountains. Soil texture of the local valley and fans was mostly sandy clay loam, and the soil texture of other topographical sites were varied. Bulk density, porosity, and soil hardness were not different among the various topographic sites. The content of plant available water was the highest (19.5%) in the sites of diluvium. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and exchangeable $Mg^{2+}$ content were the highest in the sites of fluvio-marine deposits, whereas the contents of soil organic matter (SOM), available phosphorus, and exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$, $K^+$, and $Na^+$ were not significantly different among the topographic sites. Also, soil pH and SOM content were generally in optimal ranges for the fruit plants in the orchard fields, but other values were mostly higher than those in optimum. In addition, the contents of heavy metals were much lower than the levels of Soil Contamination Warning Standard.

지형에 따른 전북지역 과수원 토양의 물리화학적 특성과 중금속 함량을 조사하기 위해 재배면적과 과수종류에 따라 110개 지점을 선정하여 실시하였다. 전라북도 과수원 분포지형은 곡간 및 선상지, 구릉 및 산악지, 산록경사지, 하성평탄지, 홍적대지 하해혼성평탄지였으며, 구릉 및 산악지가 가장 많은 46.0%을 차지하고 있었다. 곡간 및 선상지의 토성은 사질식양토가 66.6%였고, 구릉 및 산악지는 토성이 고르게 분포하고 있었다. 용적밀도, 공극률 및 경도는 지형에 따라 차이가 없었고, 유효수분상수는 홍적대 지에서 19.5%로 가장 높았다. 토양 pH와 EC는 하해혼성평탄지에서 가장 높았고, 유기물, 유효인산, 치환성 K, Ca, Na은 지형에 따라 차이가 없었고, 치환성 Mg은 하해혼성 평탄지에서 $3.5cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$으로 가장 높았다. 토양 pH와 유기물은 과수에 따라 적정수준을 보였지만, 유효인산, 치환성 K, Ca 등은 적정 수준보다 높아 적절한 양분관리가 필요하다. 지형과 과수에 따라 중금속함량은 우려기준을 초과한 경우는 없었다.

Keywords

• Orchard field;
• Topography;
• Physical properties;
• Chemical properties;
• Heavy metal content