Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (한국농림기상학회지)

Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (한국농림기상학회)
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Effects of Climate Change on C4 Plant List and Distribution in South Korea:A Review

기후변화에 따른 국내 C4 식물 목록과 분포 변화:고찰

  • Kim, Myung-Hyun (Climate Change and Agroecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Han, Min-Su (Climate Change and Agroecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Kang, Kee-Kyung (Climate Change and Agroecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Na, Young-Eun (Climate Change and Agroecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Bang, Hea-Son (Climate Change and Agroecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA)
  • 김명현 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 한민수 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 강기경 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 나영은 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 방혜선 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과)
  • Received : 2011.08.22
  • Accepted : 2011.09.20
  • Published : 2011.09.30
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Abstract

It is expected that identification and lists of $C_4$ plants in specific regions are useful not only for the ecological researches that are related to vegetation phenology and succession but also as an index of climate change. In this review, $C_4$ plants growing in South Korea were listed and their life forms were investigated. In addition, we discussed the influences that climatic change and the $C_4$ plants exerted on plant ecosystem. Photosynthetic pathway types ($C_3$ and $C_4$) for the plant species in South Korea were determined by reviewing the scientific literatures published between 1971 and 2010. Of the total 4476 species in 1123 genera and 197 families, 206 species (4.6%) in 84 genera (7.5%) and 21 families (10.7%) were identified as $C_4$ plants (including $C_3$-$C_4$ intermediate plants). Among the identified $C_4$ species, 53 species (25.7%) in 26 genera and 15 families were classified as Dicotyledoneae, while 153 species (74.3%) in 58 genera and 6 families were classified as Monocotyledoneae. The majority of the $C_4$ species belong to four families: Chenopodiaceae (15 species), Amaranthaceae (13 species), Gramineae (102 speceis) and Cyperaceae (45 species). With respect to life form composition of 206 $C_4$ species, Th-$R_5$-$D_4$-t was most dominant: 95 species (46.1%) were included in Th, 123 species (59.7%) in $R_5$, 179 species (86.9%) in $D_4$, and 122 species (59.2%) in t. The projected increase in temperature due to climate change may provide better conditions for the growth of $C_4$ plants. Such a result will have considerable impacts on the interspecific competition between $C_3$ and $C_4$ plants, the distribution of $C_4$ plants, plant phenology, and plant diversity.

$C_4$ 식물의 식별 및 자료구축은 식생의 계절변동이나 천이와 관련된 생태학적 연구뿐만 아니라, 최근 주목받고 있는 기후변화의 영향을 과학적으로 증명할 수 있는 지표로서 그 활용이 크게 기대된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내에 생육하는 $C_4$ 식물에 대한 전체 목록을 작성하고, 지구온난화에 따른 $C_4$ 식물의 반응과 식물생태계에 미치는 영향에 대하여 살펴보았다. 광합성 경로 유형에 대한 자료는 1971년에서 2010년 사이에 출판된 학술논문에서 얻어졌고, 그 자료와 국내에 구축되어 있는 식물목록 자료를 기반으로 국내에 생육하는 $C_4$ 식물의 목록을 작성하였다. 그 결과, 국내에는 약 197과 1123속 4476종의 관속식물이 생육하고 있으며, 그 중 $C_4$ 식물($C_3$-$C_4$ 중간형 포함)은 약 21과(10.7%), 84속(7.5%), 206종(4.6%)으로 확인되었다. 국내에 생육하는 $C_4$ 식물 중 쌍자엽식물은 53종(25.7%)이고, 단자엽식물은 153종(74.3%)으로 나타났다. 과 수준에서는 벼과가 102종(49.5%), 사초과가 45종(21.8%), 명아주과가 15종(7.3%), 비름과가 13종(6.3%), 국화과가 6종(3.0%), 석죽과, 대극과 및 메꽃과가 각각 3종(1.4%)으로 나타났다. 생활형을 살펴보면, 휴면형은 1년생식물이 95종(46.1%), 번식형에서 지하기관형은 $R_5$가 123종(59.7%), 산포기관형은 중력산포형($D_4$)이 179종(85.9%), 생육형은 총생형(t)이 122종(59.2%)으로 높은 비율로 나타났다. 지구온난화에 따른 기온 상승은 국내에 생육하는 $C_4$ 식물에 좋은 환경조건을 제공해 줄 것이며, 그 결과 $C_3$ 식물과 $C_4$ 식물간의 종간경쟁, $C_4$ 식물의 분포, 식물계절 및 생물다양성에 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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