Journal of Animal Science and Technology

Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology (한국축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Nutrient Digestibilities and Fecal Characteristics of Diets Including Brown Rice for Miniature Schnauzer

Miniature Schnauzer에 있어서 현미 급여와 영양소 소화율 및 배설 분 특성

  • Received : 2011.07.11
  • Accepted : 2011.10.10
  • Published : 2011.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of brown rice (BR) on food intake, digestion, energy value, and fecal characteristics. Three replacement levels which BR replaced 0, 15 and 30% of wheat flour were tested. Six female Miniature Schnauzer (8~9 month age, initial mean body weight 5.0 ${\pm}$ 0.3 kg) were assigned to treatments in replicated $3{\times}3$ Latin square design. Total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, acid hydrolyzed fat and gross energy except CP increased linearly (P<0.01), and observed digestible energy and metabolizable energy values also increased linearly (P=0.001 and P=0.006, respectively) with increasing BR replacement level. Wet and dry fecal output decreased linearly (P<0.001, P=0.004) with increasing BR inclusion to the diets and BR 30% treatment reduced wet fecal output up to 21% of that of control. Quadratic (P<0.01) effects was observed in fecal score for dog fed BR and fecal ammonia concentration tended to increase linearly (P=0.07) in response to increasing BR replacement level. It seems that the increase in fecal ammonia concentration may be partially related to the decrease in shortchain fatty acid concentration (P=0.001). This study clearly demonstrates that BR improves nutrients digestibility and fecal characteristics of dog.

본 연구는 반려견 사료 내 주요 탄수화물원인 밀가루(원물기준 약 51%)를 현미로 15%, 30% 대체 급여하였을 때, 사료의 소화율 및 배설 분의 특성 변화를 조사하기 위하여 슈나우져(Miniature Schnauzer) 강아지(8~9개월령, 시험개시 평균체중 $5.0{\pm}0.3$ kg) 6마리를 이용 반복 $3{\times}3$ 라틴방각법에 따라 실험을 수행하였다. 현미 대체에 의해 조단백질을 제외한 건물, 유기물, 산분해 지방, 에너지 소화율이 linear (P<0.01)하게 증가하였다. 사료의 가소화에너지 및 대사에너지 농도(kcal/kg DM)도 현미 대체 비율이 증가하면서 linear 하게 증가(각각 P=0.001, P=0.006)하였다. 생분 배설량과 건조 분량도 모두 linear (P<0.001, P=0.004)하게 감소하였고, 특히 현미 30% 처리구는 대조구보다 생분 배설량이 약 21% 감소하였다. 분 score 또한 linear (P<0.05) 또는 quadratic (P<0.01) 개선 효과가 있었지만, 분 암모니아 농도는 현미구에서 높은 경향(P=0.07)을 보였다. 분 암모니아 증가는 linear하게 감소(P=0.001)한 short-chain fatty acid 농도와도 관계가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 실험의 결과, 현미 급여가 반려견의 영양소 소화율과 배설 분의 특성을 개선해 주는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. A.O.A.C. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, D. C.
  2. Ayesh, R. Weststrate, J. A., Drewitt, P. N. and Hepburn, P. A. 1999. Safety evaluation of phytosterol esters. Part 5. Faecal short-chain fatty acid and microflora content, faecal bacterial enzyme activity and serum female sex hormones in healthy normolipidaemic volunteers consuming a controlled diet either with or without a phytosterol ester-enriched margarine. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 37:1127-1138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(99)00109-X
  3. Bird, A. R., Hayakawa, T., Marsono, Y., Gooden, J. M., Record, I. R., Correll, R. L. and Topping, D. L. 2000. Coarse brown rice increases fecal and large bowel short-chain fatty acid and starch but lowers calcium in the large bowel of pigs. J. Nutr. 130:1780-1787.
  4. Cha, Y. H, Kim, H. H, Park, J. C. and Chung, W. T. 1998. Study on the digestible nutrient of paddy rice, brown rice and polished rice in sheep. RDA. J. Livestock Sci.. 40:114-117.
  5. Chaney, A. L. and Marbacch, E. P. 1962. Modification reagents for determination of urea and ammonia. Clinical Chemistry 8:130-132.
  6. Erwin, E. S., Marco, D. J. and Emery, E. M. 1961. Volatile fatty acid analysis of blood and rumen fluid by gas chromatography. Journal of Dairy Science 44:1768-1770. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(61)89956-6
  7. Kempe, R., Saastamoinen, M. and Hyyppa, S. 2004. Composition, digestibiligy and nutritive value of cereals for dogs. Agricultural and Food Science. 13:5-17. https://doi.org/10.2137/1239099041838067
  8. Kim, B. G. and Stein, H. H. 2009. A spreadsheet program for making a balanced Latin square design. Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Pecu. 22:591-596.
  9. Kim, D. J., Oh, S. K., Yoon, M. R., Chun, A. R., Hong, H. C., Lee, J. S. and Kim, Y. K. 2010. Antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activities of the 70% ethanol extracts from brown and milled rice by cultivar. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 39:467-473. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.3.467
  10. Lee, M. K., Park, J. S. and Na, H. S. 2010. Physiochemical properties of Olbyossal (parboiled rice). Korean J. Food Preserv. 17:208-213.
  11. Lupton, J. R. and Marchant, L. J. 1989. Independent effects of fiber and protein on colonic luminal ammonia concentration. J. Nutr. 119:235-241.
  12. Murray, S. M., Fahey, G. C., Jr., Merchen, N. R., Sunvold, G. D. and Reinhart, G. A. 1999. Evaluation of selected high starch flours as ingredients in canine diets. J. Anim. Sci. 77:2180-2186.
  13. NLRI, 2002. Standard tables of feed composition. Rural Development Administration. Suwon.
  14. NRC. 2006. Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats. National Academy Press. Washington, DC.
  15. Propst, E. L., Flickinger, E. A., Bauer L. L., Merchen, N. R. and Fahey, G. C., Jr. 2003. A dose-response experiment evaluating the effects of oligofructose and inulin on nutrient digestibility, stool quality, and fecal protein catabolites in healthy adult dogs. J. Anim. Sci. 81:3057-3066.
  16. Ruppin, H., Bar-Meir, S., Soergel, K. H., Wood. C. M. and Schmitt, M. G. Jr., 1980. Absorption of short-chain fatty acids by the colon. Gastroenterology. 78:1500-1507.
  17. Sakata, T. 1987. Stimulatory effect of short-chain fatty acids on epithelial cell proliferation in the rat intestine: a possible explanation for trophic effects of fermentable fiber, gut microbes and luminal trophic factors. Br. J. Nutr. 58:95-103. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19870073
  18. Saunders, R. M. 1990. The properties of rice bran as a feedstuff. Cereal Foods World. 35:632-636.
  19. Spears, J. K., Grieshop, C. M. and Fahey, G.C. Jr. 2004. Evaluation of stabilized rice bran as an ingredient in dry extruded dog diets. J. Anim. Sci. 82:1122-1135.
  20. Statistical Analysis System (SAS). 2002. User's Guide: Statistics, Version 9.1 edn. 2002. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
  21. Twomey, L. N., Pethic, D. W., Rowe, J. B., Choct, M., Pluske, J. R., Brown, W. and Laviste, M. C. 2002. The use of sorghum and corn as alternatives to rice in dog foods. J. Nutr. 132:1704S-1705S.

Cited by

  1. Nutrient Digestibilities and Fecal Characteristics of Diets Including Brown Rice for Miniature Poodle vol.54, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2012.54.5.349