DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm for Surveillance and Reconnaissance Applications in Wireless Sensor Networks

무선 센서 네트워크에서 에너지 효율적인 감시·정찰 응용의 클러스터링 알고리즘 연구

  • 공준익 (고려대학교 전기전자전파공학과 미래정보망 연구실) ;
  • 이재호 (고려대학교 전기전자전파공학과 미래정보망 연구실) ;
  • 강지헌 ((주) 센서웨이) ;
  • 엄두섭 (고려대학교 전기전자전파공학과 미래정보망 연구실)
  • Received : 2012.08.20
  • Accepted : 2012.11.06
  • Published : 2012.11.30

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs) are used in diverse applications. In general, sensor nodes that are easily deployed on specific areas have many resource constrains such as battery power, memory sizes, MCUs, RFs and so on. Hence, first of all, the efficient energy consumption is strongly required in WSNs. In terms of event states, event-driven deliverly model (i.e. surveillance and reconnaissance applications) has several characteristics. On the basis of such a model, clustering algorithms can be mostly used to manage sensor nodes' energy efficiently owing to the advantages of data aggregations. Since a specific node collects packets from its child nodes in a network topology and aggregates them into one packet to relay them once, amount of transmitted packets to a sink node can be reduced. However, most clustering algorithms have been designed without considering can be reduced. However, most clustering algorithms have been designed without considering characteristics of event-driven deliverly model, which results in some problems. In this paper, we propose enhanced clustering algorithms regarding with both targets' movement and energy efficiency in order for applications of surveillance and reconnaissance. These algorithms form some clusters to contend locally between nodes, which have already detected certain targets, by using a method which called CHEW (Cluster Head Election Window). Therefore, our proposed algorithms enable to reduce not only the cost of cluster maintenance, but also energy consumption. In conclusion, we analyze traces of the clusters' movements according to targets' locations, evaluate the traces' results and we compare our algorithms with others through simulations. Finally, we verify our algorithms use power energy efficiently.

다양한 응용에서 사용되고 있는 무선 센서 네트워크(WSN)는 저가의 센서 노드를 구성하기 위해 배터리, 메모리 크기, MCU, RF transceiver 등과 같은 하드웨어에서 제약을 갖고 있다. 특히, 센서 노드의 제한된 에너지는 네트워크 수명과 직접적인 관련이 있기 때문에 네트워크 수명을 연장하기 위한 효율적인 알고리즘이 요구된다. 군 환경에서 침입자를 탐지하기 위한 감시 정찰 응용은 이벤트 구동형(event-driven) 전송 모델로써, 이벤트 발생 빈도가 드물고(rare), 폭발적(bursty), 지역적(local)으로 발생하는 특징이 있다. 이와 같은 응용에서는 Data Aggregation의 장점이 있는 클러스터링 알고리즘을 이용하는 것이 각 노드가 개별적으로 데이터를 전송하는 것 보다 데이터 전송량을 줄여 에너지 효율을 높일 수 있다. 하지만 기존의 클러스터링 알고리즘은 감시 정찰 응용의 이벤트 발생에 대한 특징을 고려하고 있지 않기 때문에 여러 문제가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 개선한 감시 정찰 응용에서의 에너지 효율적인 클러스터링 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이 알고리즘은 타깃을 탐지한 노드들이 각각 Cluster Head Election Window (CHEW)를 생성하여 지역적 경쟁 방식으로 클러스터를 구성하고, 타깃의 이동성을 고려하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과에서는 타깃의 이동에 따라 클러스터가 형성되는 자취를 분석하고, 에너지 효율이 증가되는 것을 증명하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Hnin Yu Shwe, JIANG xiao-hong, and susumu Horiguchi, "Energy saving in wireless sensor networks", Journal of Communication and Computer, vol. 6, no. 5, May 2009
  2. H. Taheri, P. Neamatollahi, M.H. Yaghmaee, and M. Naghibzadeh, "A Local Cluster Head Election Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks", CSI International Symposium on Computer Science and Software Engineering(CSSE), pp. 38-43 June 2011
  3. S. Tilak, N. Abu-Ghazaleh and W. Heinzelman, "A Taxonomy of Wireless Micro-Sensor Network Models", ACM Mobile Computing and Communication Review (MC2R), vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 28-36, Jun. 2002 https://doi.org/10.1145/565702.565708
  4. W.B. Heinzelman, A.P. Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan, "An Application-Specific Protocol Architecture for Wireless Microsensor Networks", IEEE Transactions Wireless Communications, vol. 1, no.4, Oct. 2002
  5. Z. Wang, W. Lou, Z. Wang, J. Ma, and H. Chen, "A Novel Mobility Management Scheme for Target Tracking in Cluster-Based Sensor Networks", DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING IN SENSOR SYSTEMS Lecture Notes in Computer Science(LNCS), vol. 6131, pp. 172-186, Jun. 2010
  6. O. Younis, and S. Fahmy, "Distributed Clustering in Ad-hoc Sensor Networks: A Hybrid, Energy-Efficient Approach", in Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM, vol. 3, pp. 629-640, 2004
  7. Zheng Zeng-wei, Wu Zhao-hui, and Lm Huai-zhong, "An Event-Driven Clustering Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks", in Proceedings of 2004 IEEE/RSJ Internation Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pp. 1802-1806, Sep. 2004
  8. O. Buyanjargal, Y. Kwon, "Adaptive and Energy Efficient clustering Algorithm for Event-Driven Application in Wireless Sensor Networks(AEEC)", Journal of Networks, vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 904-911, Aug. 2010
  9. Dr.S.A Hussain, K. Zia, M.T Khan, S. Ahmad, and U. Farooq, "Dynamic Contention Window for Quality of Service in IEEE 802.11 Networks", National Conference on Emerging Technologies 2004 pp. 12-16, Dec. 2004
  10. http://isi.edu/nsnam/ns