Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (한국농림기상학회지)

Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (한국농림기상학회)
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Natural Regeneration Patten of Pine Seedlings on the Burned Forest Site in Gosung, Korea

고성 산불피해지에서 소나무 치수의 자연복원 패턴

  • Lim, Joo-Hoon (Division of Forest Soil and Water Conservation, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Jeong-Hwan (Division of Forest Soil and Water Conservation, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Bae, Sang-Won (Division of Forest Soil and Water Conservation, Korea Forest Research Institute)
  • 임주훈 (국립산림과학원 수토보전과) ;
  • 김정환 (국립산림과학원 수토보전과) ;
  • 배상원 (국립산림과학원 수토보전과)
  • Received : 2012.10.25
  • Accepted : 2012.11.26
  • Published : 2012.12.30
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Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the natural succession process after forest fire by comparing height, relative growth rates in height (RGH), and tree density of pine seedlings with different fire severity. In the area damaged by surface fire, tree density was highest during the first 5 years after fire. However, in the area damaged by crown fire, tree density rapidly increased during first 5 years after fire. Pine seedlings were found only on the place with ridges, barren soil, and the aspect of north. Annual height growth of pine seedlings was decreased with time in all study sites. The empty space in pine stands gradually decreased by the invasion of Quercus species. The forest fire altered the pine forest into oak forest rapidly. In contrast, pine seedlings invaded steadily on the oak forest in the rocky area or the area with ridges.

산불 발생 이후 대부분의 지역에서 소나무보다는 참나무류로 천연갱신되는 패턴을 보인다. 그러나 능선부나 암반지대 등 척박한 곳에서는 소나무가 일부 생존하며, 때에 따라서는 임분을 형성하기도 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 산불피해지에서 능선부를 중심으로 소나무의 생장과 개체수를 조사하여 산불피해지에서 소나무의 천연갱신에 관한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 산불피해지에서 소나무 개체수의 변화는 1회 지표화 피해지인 5번 조사구에서는 산불 발생 후 초기 5년간 증가하는 패턴을 보여주었다. 이는 지표화에 의해 하층식생이 제거되고 지표화 피해로부터 생존한 개체로부터 종자가 지속적으로 유입되었기 때문으로 판단된다. 2회 전소화 피해지인 1, 2, 3, 그리고 4번 조사구의 경우 산불 발생 5년 이후부터 소나무 치수의 발생이 증가하는 패턴을 보였는데 이는 능선 근처에 소나무 잔존목이 존재하지 않아 종자의 유입이 어려워 소나무의 이입이 더뎠으나 시간이 경과함에 따라 토양 환경이 안정되고 종자를 생산하는 개체가 늘어 소나무 치수의 이입이 증가했을 것으로 사료된다. 소나무 수고의 상대 생장율은 임분에 관계없이 시간 경과에 따라 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보여주었으며, 이는 모든 조사구에서 공통적으로 나타난 결과이다. 따라서 산불피해지에서 자연 복원된 소나무의 수고 상대 생장율은 산불의 발생빈도나 형태와는 무관한 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 향후 개체수와 수고 생장속도에 영향을 끼치는 토양의 성질과 유실량, 그리고 주변 임분에서 자라는 참나무류의 생장에 관한 조사가 추가적으로 이루어져야 할 것이며, 한편, 생존한 주변 소나무 임분의 유전학적 동정을 통해 소나무 치수의 이입에 관한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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  1. Effects of Forest Restoration Methods and Stand Structure on Microclimate in Burned Forest Stand vol.17, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2015.17.3.207