Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (대한간학회지)

The Korean Association for the Study of the Liver (대한간학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Clinical applications of transient elastography

  • Jung, Kyu-Sik (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Seung-Up (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
  • Published : 2012.06.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Chronic liver disease represents a major public health problem, accounting for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. As prognosis and management depend mainly on the amount and progression of liver fibrosis, accurate quantification of liver fibrosis is essential for therapeutic decision-making and follow-up of chronic liver diseases. Even though liver biopsy is the gold standard for evaluation of liver fibrosis, non-invasive methods that could substitute for invasive procedures have been investigated during past decades. Transient elastography (TE, $FibroScan^{(R)}$) is a novel non-invasive method for assessment of liver fibrosis with chronic liver disease. TE can be performed in the outpatient clinic with immediate results and excellent reproducibility. Its diagnostic accuracy for assessment of liver fibrosis has been demonstrated in patients with chronic viral hepatitis; as a result, unnecessary liver biopsy could be avoided in some patients. Moreover, due to its excellent patient acceptance, TE could be used for monitoring disease progression or predicting development of liver-related complications. This review aims at discussing the usefulness of TE in clinical practice.

Keywords

References

  1. Bruix J, Sherman M; Practice Guidelines Committee, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2005;42:1208-1236. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.20933
  2. European Association For The Study Of The Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol 2012 Mar 20. [Epub ahead of print].
  3. Regev A, Berho M, Jeffers LJ, Milikowski C, Molina EG, Pyrsopoulos NT, et al. Sampling error and intraobserver variation in liver biopsy in patients with chronic HCV infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:2614-2618. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.06038.x
  4. Bedossa P, Dargere D, Paradis V. Sampling variability of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2003;38:1449-1457.
  5. Castera L. Transient elastography and other noninvasive tests to assess hepatic fibrosis in patients with viral hepatitis. J Viral Hepat 2009;16:300-314. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01087.x
  6. Sandrin L, Fourquet B, Hasquenoph JM, Yon S, Fournier C, Mal F, et al. Transient elastography: a new noninvasive method for assessment of hepatic fibrosis. Ultrasound Med Biol 2003;29:1705-1713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2003.07.001
  7. Castera L, Vergniol J, Foucher J, Le Bail B, Chanteloup E, Haaser M, et al. Prospective comparison of transient elastography, Fibrotest, APRI, and liver biopsy for the assessment of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2005;128:343-350. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2004.11.018
  8. Ziol M, Handra-Luca A, Kettaneh A, Christidis C, Mal F, Kazemi F, et al. Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2005;41:48-54. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.20506
  9. Bae RC, Cho HJ, Oh JT, Lee EK, Heo J, Shin KY, et al. Clinical factors influencing liver stiffness as measured by transient elastography (Fibroscan) in patients with chronic liver disease. Korean J Hepatol 2010;16:123-130. https://doi.org/10.3350/kjhep.2010.16.2.123
  10. Lee da M, Moon EJ, Hwang JA, Lee MS, Cheong JY, Cho SW, et al. Factors associated with liver stiffness in chronic liver disease. Korean J Hepatol 2009;15:464-473. https://doi.org/10.3350/kjhep.2009.15.4.464
  11. Seo YS. Transient elastography, true or false? Korean J Hepatol 2009;15:431-437. https://doi.org/10.3350/kjhep.2009.15.4.431
  12. Kim SG, Kim YS, Jung SW, Kim HK, Jang JY, Moon JH, et al. The usefulness of transient elastography to diagnose cirrhosis in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Korean J Hepatol 2009;15:42-51. https://doi.org/10.3350/kjhep.2009.15.1.42
  13. Cho SW, Cheong JY. Clinical application of non-invasive diagnosis for hepatic fibrosis. Korean J Hepatol 2007;13:129-137.
  14. Marcellin P, Ziol M, Bedossa P, Douvin C, Poupon R, de Ledinghen V, et al. Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis by stiffness measurement in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Liver Int 2009;29:242-247. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01802.x
  15. Kim do Y, Kim SU, Ahn SH, Park JY, Lee JM, Park YN, et al. Usefulness of FibroScan for detection of early compensated liver cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B. Dig Dis Sci 2009;54:1758-1763. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-008-0541-2
  16. Chan HL, Wong GL, Choi PC, Chan AW, Chim AM, Yiu KK, et al. Alanine aminotransferase-based algorithms of liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography (Fibroscan) for liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat 2009;16:36-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2008.01037.x
  17. Kim SU, Han KH, Ahn SH. Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis: time to move from cross-sectional studies to longitudinal ones. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;25:1472-1473.
  18. Yeh WC, Li PC, Jeng YM, Hsu HC, Kuo PL, Li ML, et al. Elastic modulus measurements of human liver and correlation with pathology. Ultrasound Med Biol 2002;28:467-474. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(02)00489-1
  19. Lucidarme D, Foucher J, Le Bail B, Vergniol J, Castera L, Duburque C, et al. Factors of accuracy of transient elastography (fibroscan) for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2009;49:1083-1089. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.22748
  20. Kim SU, Seo YS, Cheong JY, Kim MY, Kim JK, Um SH, et al. Factors that affect the diagnostic accuracy of liver fibrosis measurement by Fibroscan in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;32:498-505. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04353.x
  21. Roulot D, Czernichow S, Le Clesiau H, Costes JL, Vergnaud AC, Beaugrand M. Liver stiffness values in apparently healthy subjects: influence of gender and metabolic syndrome. J Hepatol 2008;48:606-613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2007.11.020
  22. Fung J, Lai CL, Chan SC, But D, Seto WK, Cheng C, et al. Correlation of liver stiffness and histological features in healthy persons and in patients with occult hepatitis B, chronic active hepatitis B, or hepatitis B cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:1116-1122. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2009.665
  23. Kim SU, Choi GH, Han WK, Kim BK, Park JY, Kim do Y, et al. What are 'true normal' liver stiffness values using FibroScan?: a prospective study in healthy living liver and kidney donors in South Korea. Liver Int 2010;30:268-274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02172.x
  24. Arena U, Stasi C, Mannoni A, Benucci M, Maddali-Bongi S, Cammelli D, et al. Liver stiffness correlates with methotrexate cumulative dose in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Dig Liver Dis 2012;44:149-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2011.08.013
  25. Kim SU, Han KH, Ahn SH. Transient elastography in chronic hepatitis B: an Asian perspective. World J Gastroenterol 2010;16:5173-5180. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v16.i41.5173
  26. Arena U, Vizzutti F, Abraldes JG, Corti G, Stasi C, Moscarella S, et al. Reliability of transient elastography for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Gut 2008;57:1288-1293. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2008.149708
  27. Nitta Y, Kawabe N, Hashimoto S, Harata M, Komura N, Kobayashi K, et al. Liver stiffness measured by transient elastography correlates with fibrosis area in liver biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatol Res 2009;39:675-684. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1872-034X.2009.00500.x
  28. Sirli R, Sporea I, Bota S, Popescu A, Cornianu M. A comparative study of non-invasive methods for fibrosis assessment in chronic HCV infection. Hepat Mon 2010;10:88-94.
  29. Kim SU, Jang HW, Cheong JY, Kim JK, Lee MH, Kim DJ, et al. The usefulness of liver stiffness measurement using FibroScan in chronic hepatitis C in South Korea: a multicenter, prospective study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;26:171-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06385.x
  30. Kim SU, Park JY, Kim do Y, Ahn SH, Choi EH, Seok JY, et al. Noninvasive assessment of changes in liver fibrosis via liver stiffness measurement in patients with chronic hepatitis B: impact of antiviral treatment on fibrosis regression. Hepatol Int 2010;4:673-680. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-010-9201-7
  31. Zhu X, Wang LC, Chen EQ, Chen XB, Chen LY, Liu L, et al. Prospective evaluation of FibroScan for the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis compared with liver biopsy/AST platelet ratio index and FIB-4 in patients with chronic HBV infection. Dig Dis Sci 2011;56:2742-2749. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-011-1659-1
  32. Kim SU, Kim do Y, Park JY, Lee JH, Ahn SH, Kim JK, et al. How can we enhance the performance of liver stiffness measurement using FibroScan in diagnosing liver cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B? J Clin Gastroenterol 2010;44:66-71. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181a95c7f
  33. Ogawa E, Furusyo N, Murata M, Ohnishi H, Toyoda K, Taniai H, et al. Longitudinal assessment of liver stiffness by transient elastography for chronic hepatitis B patients treated with nucleoside analog. Hepatol Res 2011;41:1178-1188. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1872-034X.2011.00869.x
  34. Leroy V, Kim SU. Can transient elastography be used for the management of chronic hepatitis B patients? Liver Int 2012;32:528-530. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2012.02768.x
  35. Yuen MF, Yuan HJ, Hui CK, Wong DK, Wong WM, Chan AO, et al. A large population study of spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion and acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B infection: implications for antiviral therapy. Gut 2003;52:416-419. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.52.3.416
  36. Vergara S, Macias J, Rivero A, Gutierrez-Valencia A, Gonzalez-Serrano M, Merino D, et al. The use of transient elastometry for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with HIV and hepatitis C virus coinfection. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:969-974. https://doi.org/10.1086/521857
  37. Corpechot C, El Naggar A, Poujol-Robert A, Ziol M, Wendum D, Chazouilleres O, et al. Assessment of biliary fibrosis by transient elastography in patients with PBC and PSC. Hepatology 2006;43:1118-1124. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21151
  38. Sini M, Sorbello O, Civolani A, Liggi M, Demelia L. Non-invasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis in a series of patients with Wilson's Disease. Dig Liver Dis 2012;44:487-491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2011.12.010
  39. Laharie D, Zerbib F, Adhoute X, Boue-Lahorgue X, Foucher J, Castera L, et al. Diagnosis of liver fibrosis by transient elastography (FibroScan) and non-invasive methods in Crohn's disease patients treated with methotrexate. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006;23:1621-1628. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02929.x
  40. de Ledinghen V, Douvin C, Kettaneh A, Ziol M, Roulot D, Marcellin P, et al. Diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis by transient elastography in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006;41:175-179. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.qai.0000194238.15831.c7
  41. Sanchez-Conde M, Montes-Ramirez ML, Miralles P, Alvarez JM, Bellon JM, Ramirez M, et al. Comparison of transient elastography and liver biopsy for the assessment of liver fibrosis in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients and correlation with noninvasive serum markers. J Viral Hepat 2010;17:280-286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01180.x
  42. Kirk GD, Astemborski J, Mehta SH, Spoler C, Fisher C, Allen D, et al. Assessment of liver fibrosis by transient elastography in persons with hepatitis C virus infection or HIV-hepatitis C virus coinfection. Clin Infect Dis 2009;48:963-972. https://doi.org/10.1086/597350
  43. Friedrich-Rust M, Muller C, Winckler A, Kriener S, Herrmann E, Holtmeier J, et al. Assessment of liver fibrosis and steatosis in PBC with FibroScan, MRI, MR-spectroscopy, and serum markers. J Clin Gastroenterol 2010;44:58-65. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181a84b8d
  44. Obara N, Ueno Y, Fukushima K, Nakagome Y, Kakazu E, Kimura O, et al. Transient elastography for measurement of liver stiffness measurement can detect early significant hepatic fibrosis in Japanese patients with viral and nonviral liver diseases. J Gastroenterol 2008;43:720-728. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-008-2225-2
  45. Barbero-Villares A, Jimenez-Ridruejo JM, Taxonera C, Lopez-Sanromán A, Pajares R, Bermejo F, et al. Evaluation of liver fibrosis by transient elastography (Fibroscan$^{{\circledR}}$) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with methotrexate: a multicentric trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012;47:575-579. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365521.2011.647412
  46. Bray AP, Barnova I, Przemioslo R, Kennedy CT. Liver fibrosis screening for patients with psoriasis taking methotrexate: a crosssectional study comparing transient elastography and liver biopsy. Br J Dermatol 2012;166:1125-1127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10657.x
  47. Talwalkar JA, Kurtz DM, Schoenleber SJ, West CP, Montori VM. Ultrasound- based transient elastography for the detection of hepatic fibrosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;5:1214-1220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2007.07.020
  48. Friedrich-Rust M, Ong MF, Martens S, Sarrazin C, Bojunga J, Zeuzem S, et al. Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2008;134:960-974. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2008.01.034
  49. Shaheen AA, Wan AF, Myers RP. FibroTest and FibroScan for the prediction of hepatitis C-related fibrosis: a systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:2589-2600. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01466.x
  50. Stebbing J, Farouk L, Panos G, Anderson M, Jiao LR, Mandalia S, et al. A meta-analysis of transient elastography for the detection of hepatic fibrosis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2010;44:214-219. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181b4af1f
  51. Castera L, Sebastiani G, Le Bail B, de Ledinghen V, Couzigou P, Alberti A. Prospective comparison of two algorithms combining noninvasive methods for staging liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 2010;52:191-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2009.11.008
  52. Sebastiani G, Vario A, Guido M, Alberti A. Sequential algorithms combining non-invasive markers and biopsy for the assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 2007;13:525-531.
  53. Sebastiani G, Vario A, Guido M, Noventa F, Plebani M, Pistis R, et al. Stepwise combination algorithms of non-invasive markers to diagnose significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 2006;44:686-693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2006.01.007
  54. Kim SU, Ahn SH, Park JY, Kang W, Kim do Y, Park YN, et al. Liver stiffness measurement in combination with noninvasive markers for the improved diagnosis of B-viral liver cirrhosis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2009;43:267-271. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0b013e31816f212e
  55. Park JJ, Park JY, Kim do Y, Park YN, Ahn SH, Chon CY, et al. Prediction of significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients with normal ALT. Hepatogastroenterology 2011;58:1321-1327. https://doi.org/10.5754/hge11041
  56. Kim BK, Kim SU, Kim HS, Park JY, Ahn SH, Chon CY, et al. Prospective Validation of FibroTest in Comparison with Liver Stiffness for Predicting Liver Fibrosis in Asian Subjects with Chronic Hepatitis B. PLoS One 2012;7:e35825. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035825
  57. Vergniol J, Foucher J, Castera L, Bernard PH, Tournan R, Terrebonne E, et al. Changes of non-invasive markers and FibroScan values during HCV treatment. J Viral Hepat 2009;16:132-140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2008.01055.x
  58. Ogawa E, Furusyo N, Toyoda K, Takeoka H, Maeda S, Hayashi J. The longitudinal quantitative assessment by transient elastography of chronic hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin. Antiviral Res 2009;83:127-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.04.002
  59. Arima Y, Kawabe N, Hashimoto S, Harata M, Nitta Y, Murao M, et al. Reduction of liver stiffness by interferon treatment in the patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatol Res 2010;40:383-392. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1872-034X.2009.00618.x
  60. Wang JH, Changchien CS, Hung CH, Tung WC, Kee KM, Chen CH, et al. Liver stiffness decrease after effective antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C: Longitudinal study using FibroScan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;25:964-969.
  61. Fung J, Lai CL, Wong DK, Seto WK, Hung I, Yuen MF. Significant changes in liver stiffness measurements in patients with chronic hepatitis B: 3-year follow-up study. J Viral Hepat 2011;18:e200-e205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01428.x
  62. Lim SG, Cho SW, Lee YC, Jeon SJ, Lee MH, Cho YJ, et al. Changes in liver stiffness measurement during antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatogastroenterology 2011;58:539-545.
  63. Enomoto M, Mori M, Ogawa T, Fujii H, Kobayashi S, Iwai S, et al. Usefulness of transient elastography for assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B: Regression of liver stiffness during entecavir therapy. Hepatol Res 2010;40:853-861. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1872-034X.2010.00687.x
  64. Foucher J, Chanteloup E, Vergniol J, Castera L, Le Bail B, Adhoute X, et al. Diagnosis of cirrhosis by transient elastography (FibroScan): a prospective study. Gut 2006;55:403-408. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2005.069153
  65. Vizzutti F, Arena U, Romanelli RG, Rega L, Foschi M, Colagrande S, et al. Liver stiffness measurement predicts severe portal hypertension in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis. Hepatology 2007;45:1290-1297. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21665
  66. Castera L, Le Bail B, Roudot-Thoraval F, Bernard PH, Foucher J, Merrouche W, et al. Early detection in routine clinical practice of cirrhosis and oesophageal varices in chronic hepatitis C: comparison of transient elastography (FibroScan) with standard laboratory tests and non-invasive scores. J Hepatol 2009;50:59-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2008.08.018
  67. Kazemi F, Kettaneh A, N'kontchou G, Pinto E, Ganne-Carrie N, Trinchet JC, et al. Liver stiffness measurement selects patients with cirrhosis at risk of bearing large oesophageal varices. J Hepatol 2006;45:230-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2006.04.006
  68. Lemoine M, Katsahian S, Ziol M, Nahon P, Ganne-Carrie N, Kazemi F, et al. Liver stiffness measurement as a predictive tool of clinically significant portal hypertension in patients with compensated hepatitis C virus or alcohol-related cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008;28:1102-1110. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03825.x
  69. Kim BK, Han KH, Park JY, Ahn SH, Kim JK, Paik YH, et al. A liver stiffness measurement-based, noninvasive prediction model for high-risk esophageal varices in B-viral liver cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:1382-1390. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2009.750
  70. Kim BK, Kim do Y, Han KH, Park JY, Kim JK, Paik YH, et al. Risk assessment of esophageal variceal bleeding in B-viral liver cirrhosis by a liver stiffness measurement-based model. Am J Gastroenterol 2011;106:1654-1662, 1730. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2011.160
  71. Masuzaki R, Tateishi R, Yoshida H, Goto E, Sato T, Ohki T, et al. Prospective risk assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis C by transient elastography. Hepatology 2009;49:1954-1961. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.22870
  72. Jung KS, Kim SU, Ahn SH, Park YN, Kim do Y, Park JY, et al. Risk assessment of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma development using liver stiffness measurement (FibroScan). Hepatology 2011;53:885-894. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.24121
  73. Fung J, Lai CL, Seto WK, Wong DK, Yuen MF. Prognostic significance of liver stiffness for hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat 2011;18:738-744. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01355.x
  74. Chon YE, Jung ES, Park JY, Kim DY, Ahn SH, Han KH, et al. The accuracy of noninvasive methods in predicting the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic decompensation in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Clin Gastroenterol 2012;in press.
  75. Kim SU, Lee JH, Kim do Y, Ahn SH, Jung KS, Choi EH, et al. Prediction of liver-related events using fibroscan in chronic hepatitis B patients showing advanced liver fibrosis. PLoS One 2012;7:e36676. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036676
  76. Kim SU, Ahn SH, Park JY, Kim do Y, Chon CY, Choi JS, et al. Prediction of postoperative hepatic insufficiency by liver stiffness measurement (FibroScan((R))) before curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a pilot study. Hepatol Int 2008;2:471-477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-008-9091-0
  77. Kim SU, Kim YC, Choi JS, Kim KS, Choi GH, Choi JS, et al. Can preoperative diffusion-weighted MRI predict postoperative hepatic insufficiency after curative resection of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma? A pilot study. Magn Reson Imaging 2010;28:802-811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2010.03.018
  78. Jung KS, Kim SU, Choi GH, Park JY, Park YN, Kim DY, et al. Prediction of recurrence after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma using liver stiffness measurement (FibroScan$^{{\circledR}}$). Ann Surg Oncol 2012;in press.
  79. Rigamonti C, Donato MF, Fraquelli M, Agnelli F, Ronchi G, Casazza G, et al. Transient elastography predicts fibrosis progression in patients with recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Gut 2008;57:821-827. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2007.135046
  80. Carrion JA, Navasa M, Bosch J, Bruguera M, Gilabert R, Forns X. Transient elastography for diagnosis of advanced fibrosis and portal hypertension in patients with hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2006;12:1791-1798. https://doi.org/10.1002/lt.20857
  81. Harada N, Soejima Y, Taketomi A, Yoshizumi T, Ikegami T, Yamashita Y, et al. Assessment of graft fibrosis by transient elastography in patients with recurrent hepatitis C after living donor liver transplantation. Transplantation 2008;85:69-74. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000297248.18483.16
  82. Corradi F, Piscaglia F, Flori S, D'Errico-Grigioni A, Vasuri F, Tame MR, et al. Assessment of liver fibrosis in transplant recipients with recurrent HCV infection: usefulness of transient elastography. Dig Liver Dis 2009;41:217-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2008.06.009
  83. Arena U, Vizzutti F, Corti G, Ambu S, Stasi C, Bresci S, et al. Acute viral hepatitis increases liver stiffness values measured by transient elastography. Hepatology 2008;47:380-384.
  84. Kim SU, Kim JK, Park YN, Han KH. Discordance between liver biopsy and Fibroscan$^{{\circledR}}$ in assessing liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis b: risk factors and influence of necroinflammation. PLoS One 2012;7:e32233. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032233
  85. Coco B, Oliveri F, Maina AM, Ciccorossi P, Sacco R, Colombatto P, et al. Transient elastography: a new surrogate marker of liver fibrosis influenced by major changes of transaminases. J Viral Hepat 2007;14:360-369. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00811.x
  86. Fung J, Lai CL, But D, Hsu A, Seto WK, Cheng C, et al. Reduction of liver stiffness following resolution of acute flares of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Int 2010;4:716-722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-010-9189-z
  87. Park H, Kim SU, Kim do Y, Ahn SH, Han KH, Chon CY, et al. Optimal time for restoring the reliability of liver stiffness measurement in patients with chronic hepatitis B experiencing acute exacerbation. J Clin Gastroenterol 2012;in press.
  88. Foucher J, Castera L, Bernard PH, Adhoute X, Laharie D, Bertet J, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with failure of liver stiffness measurement using FibroScan in a prospective study of 2114 examinations. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;18:411-412. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042737-200604000-00015
  89. de Ledinghen V, Wong VW, Vergniol J, Wong GL, Foucher J, Chu SH, et al. Diagnosis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis using liver stiffness measurement: comparison between M and XL probe of FibroScan$^{{\circledR}}$. J Hepatol 2012;56:833-839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2011.10.017

Cited by

  1. Prediction of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy vol.18, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4103/1319-3767.101122
  2. Therapeutic Strategies in Psoriasis Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: Focus on New Agents vol.27, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40259-013-0025-6
  3. KASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Alcoholic Liver Disease vol.19, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2013.19.3.216
  4. Egy-Score Predicts Severe Hepatic Fibrosis and Cirrhosis in Egyptians With Chronic Liver Diseases: A Pilot Study vol.13, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5812/hepatmon.10810
  5. Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the Asia–Pacific region vol.48, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-013-0770-9
  6. Clinical Benefit of Liver Stiffness Measurement at 3 Months after Kasai Hepatoportoenterostomy to Predict the Liver Related Events in Biliary Atresia vol.8, pp.11, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080652
  7. Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) and Transient Elastography (TE) for evaluation of liver fibrosis in HIV-HCV co-infected patients vol.14, pp.None, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-405
  8. Non-invasive prediction of development of hepatocellular carcinoma using transient elastography in patients with chronic liver disease vol.8, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1586/17474124.2014.898563
  9. Nondiseased Liver Stiffness Measured by Shear Wave Elastography : A Pilot Study vol.33, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7863/ultra.33.1.53
  10. Risk Assessment of Liver-related Events Using Transient Elastography in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Receiving Entecavir vol.48, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1097/mcg.0b013e31829a7247
  11. KASL clinical practice guidelines: Management of Hepatitis C vol.20, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2014.20.2.89
  12. Clinically Severe Portal Hypertension: Role of Multi-detector Row CT Features in Diagnosis vol.59, pp.9, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-014-3149-8
  13. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Significant Hepatic Fibrosis Defined by Non-invasive Assessment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes vol.16, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.5.1789
  14. Factors associated with significant liver fibrosis assessed using transient elastography in general population vol.21, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i4.1158
  15. Noninvasive Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis Using Real-time Tissue Elastography and Transient Elastography (FibroScan) vol.34, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7863/ultra.34.3.403
  16. Liver stiffness measurement for risk assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma vol.45, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1111/hepr.12377
  17. Increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients with transient elastography–defined subclinical cirrhosis vol.61, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.27735
  18. Measurements of serum procollagen-III peptide and M30 do not improve the diagnostic accuracy of transient elastography for the detection of hepatic fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver d vol.27, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000000342
  19. Assessment of Substantial Liver Fibrosis by Real-time Shear Wave Elastography in Methotrexate-Treated Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis vol.34, pp.9, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7863/ultra.15.14.10035
  20. Hepatic fibrosis assessed using transient elastography independently associated with coronary artery calcification vol.30, pp.10, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.12992
  21. Evaluation of portal hypertension by real‐time shear wave elastography in cirrhotic patients vol.35, pp.11, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.12846
  22. KASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatitis C vol.22, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2016.22.1.76
  23. Relationship between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Liver Fibrosis as Assessed by Transient Elastography in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease vol.10, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl15331
  24. Discrimination of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Using Transient Elastography in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease vol.11, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157358
  25. 2-dimensional shear wave elastography: Interobserver agreement and factors related to interobserver discrepancy vol.12, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175747
  26. Using transient elastography to predict hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after radiofrequency ablation vol.32, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13644
  27. 초음파를 이용한 간 섬유화 스캔 검사의 융합 탄성도 측정 평가 vol.8, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.15207/jkcs.2017.8.5.079
  28. Gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase‐to‐platelet ratio is an independent predictor of hepatitis B virus‐related liver cancer vol.32, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13653
  29. Improvement of Liver Fibrosis after Long-Term Antiviral Therapy Assessed by Fibroscan in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Advanced Fibrosis vol.112, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2017.93
  30. Chronic hepatitis B patients with high liver fibrosis levels should receive antiviral treatment vol.13, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4422
  31. Is carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) a useful biomarker to identify alcohol abuse in advanced liver fibrosis? vol.52, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agx056
  32. Reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by achieving a subcirrhotic liver stiffness through antiviral agents in hepatitis B virus-related advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis : Subcirrhotic liver stiffness vol.33, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13854
  33. Risk-stratified screening for chronic liver disease using vibration-controlled transient elastography (Fibroscan) vol.16, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.12968/gasn.2018.16.5.s15
  34. The gamma-glutamyl transferase to platelet ratio and the FIB-4 score are noninvasive markers to determine the severity of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B infection vol.75, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1080/09674845.2018.1459147
  35. Comparison of acoustic radiation force impulse elastography and transient elastography for prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after radiofrequency ablation vol.30, pp.10, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000001170
  36. Validation of modified fibrosis-4 index for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with compensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis vol.97, pp.48, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000013438
  37. Abdominal Obesity as a Predictive Factor of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Assessed by Ultrasonography and Transient Elastography in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Healthy Women vol.2019, pp.None, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9047324
  38. Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease: An Update on Diagnostic and Treatment Modalities vol.79, pp.9, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-019-01126-9
  39. Imaging Features of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: From Diagnosis to Liver Transplant Follow-up vol.39, pp.7, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2019180213
  40. Sarcopenia assessed using bioimpedance analysis is associated independently with significant liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver diseases vol.32, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000001475
  41. Fibrosis-4, aspartate transaminase-to-platelet ratio index, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio for risk assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients: compari vol.32, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000001520
  42. Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis in Zambian adults is characterized by increased liver stiffness: A nested case-control study vol.6, pp.7, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04534
  43. Impact of chronic HCV treatment on quality of life of patients with metabolic disorders in context of immunological disturbances vol.10, pp.None, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67296-9
  44. Efficacy and safety of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in 5,028 Mongolian patients infected with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus: A multicenter study vol.27, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2020.0023
  45. Association of α-fetoprotein levels with liver stiffness measurement in outpatients with chronic hepatitis B vol.41, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1042/bsr20203048
  46. The Association of Histologic and Noninvasive Tests With Adverse Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients With Advanced Fibrosis Due to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis vol.160, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.003
  47. Liver Stiffness-Based Risk Prediction Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease vol.13, pp.18, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13184567
  48. Risk assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver‐related events using ultrasonography and transient elastography in patients with chronic hepatitis B vol.28, pp.10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.13560