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The Influence of Land Use on Water Quality in the Tributary of the Yeongsan River Basin

영산강수계 소하천 유역의 토지이용이 하천수질에 미치는 영향 분석

  • Jung, Jae-Woon (Yeongsan River Environment Research Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lim, Byung-Jin (Yeongsan River Environment Research Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Cho, So-Hyun (Yeongsan River Environment Research Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Choi, Jin-Hee (Yeongsan River Environment Research Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Song, Kwang-Duck (Yeongsan River Environment Research Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Ha, Don-Woo (Yeongsan River Environment Research Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Hae-Sung (Yeongsan River Environment Research Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Park, Seung-Ho (Yeongsan River Environment Research Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Hwang, Tae-Hee (Yeongsan River Environment Research Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Jung, Soo-Jung (Yeongsan River Environment Research Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lee, Dong-Jin (Yeongsan River Environment Research Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Kap-Soon (Yeongsan River Environment Research Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 정재운 (국립환경과학원 영산강물환경연구소) ;
  • 임병진 (국립환경과학원 영산강물환경연구소) ;
  • 조소현 (국립환경과학원 영산강물환경연구소) ;
  • 최진희 (국립환경과학원 영산강물환경연구소) ;
  • 송광덕 (국립환경과학원 영산강물환경연구소) ;
  • 하돈우 (국립환경과학원 영산강물환경연구소) ;
  • 김해성 (국립환경과학원 영산강물환경연구소) ;
  • 박승호 (국립환경과학원 영산강물환경연구소) ;
  • 황태희 (국립환경과학원 영산강물환경연구소) ;
  • 정수정 (국립환경과학원 영산강물환경연구소) ;
  • 이동진 (국립환경과학원 영산강물환경연구소) ;
  • 김갑순 (국립환경과학원 영산강물환경연구소)
  • Received : 2012.09.26
  • Accepted : 2012.11.28
  • Published : 2012.12.31

Abstract

This study assessed the impacts of land use types on water quality in the tributary of the Yeongsan river basin. Temporal changes in water quality parameters (BOD, COD, TOC, T-P, T-N, SS) were investigated. 13 water sampling sites were selected; they were then collected and analyzed according to the standard method. The results showed that water quality parameters of the study sites ranged as follows : BOD, from 0.3 to $21.9mg\;L^{-1}$ (mean $3.3mg\;L^{-1}$); COD, from 1.0 to $38.0mg\;L^{-1}$ ($6.4mg\;L^{-1}$); TOC, from 0.6 to $20.0mg\;L^{-1}$ ($4.5mg\;L^{-1}$); T-P, from 0.009 to $1.973mg\;L^{-1}$ ($0.144mg\;L^{-1}$); T-N, from 0.6 to $17.1mg\;L^{-1}$ (mean $3.5mg\;L^{-1}$); SS, from 0.3 to $292.0mg\;L^{-1}$ ($20.3mg\;L^{-1}$). Generally, the paddy and upland dominated region had high concentrations of water quality parameters, whereas the forest dominated region had low concentrations. In addition, water quality parameters were positively correlated with paddy and upland, whereas the parameters were negatively correlated with forest. The result implies that paddy and upland are the dominant factors leading to stream pollution in the study sites, while a higher percentage of forest area contributes to improved water quality. Therefore, it is important to manage paddy and upland in order achieve efficient management of water quality.

본 연구는 영산강수계 13개 소하천 지점에서 2011년 1월부터 2011년 12월까지 측정된 수질자료와 토지이용자료를 이용하여 토지이용특성에 따른 수질변화를 분석하였다. 또한 수질항목간 상관성 분석, 수질항목과 토지이용 점유율에 따른 상관성 분석을 실시하였다. 영산강수계 13개 소하천 중 BOD, COD, TOC, T-N, T-P의 농도가 가장 높은 지점은 비교적 농경지 면적이 큰 Y11 지점으로 나타났고 상대적으로 농경지 면적보다 임야의 면적이 큰 Y13 지점에서 수질농도가 비교적 낮게 관측되었다. 또한 수질항목간 상관분석 결과 T-N과 SS를 제외한 나머지 모든 항목에서 비교적 높은 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 한편, 토지이용 점유율에 따른 수질항목간 상관분석결과 논과 밭 면적이 클수록 양의 상관관계를 나타냈고 특히 밭 면적이 클수록 강한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 이러한 이유는 논과 밭에 작물생육에 필요한 유기질 비료, 질산질 비료, 인산질 비료가 시용되고 이들이 강우시 토사와 함께 인근 하천에 아무런 여과 없이 유입되기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 이와 다르게 수질항목과 임야와는 강한 음의 상관관계를 보였는데, 이는 이 지역의 경우 논과 밭이 수질에 악영향을 미치지만 임야의 경우 수질에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서, 효율적 수질관리를 위해서는 논과 밭을 우선적으로 관리해야 될 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구의 결과는 1년간의 수질자료를 활용하여 수질항목과 토지이용 점유율에 따른 상관성 분석을 통하여 도출한 결과이므로 좀더 신뢰성 있는 수질특성을 파악하기 이해서는 장기간의 자료, 각 하천의 오염원 조사, 오염물질별 배출특성 및 배출구조 등의 연구가 추가적으로 수행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

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