DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

ACT-R Predictive Model of Korean Text Entry on Touchscreen

  • Lim, Soo-Yong (School of Industrial Management Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Jo, Seong-Sik (School of Industrial Management Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Myung, Ro-Hae (School of Industrial Management Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Kim, Sang-Hyeob (BT Convergence Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) ;
  • Jang, Eun-Hye (BT Convergence Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) ;
  • Park, Byoung-Jun (BT Convergence Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute)
  • Received : 2011.05.13
  • Accepted : 2011.12.12
  • Published : 2012.04.30

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to predict Korean text entry on touchscreens using ACT-R cognitive architecture. Background: Touchscreen application in devices such as satellite navigation devices, PDAs, mobile phones, etc. has been increasing, and the market size is expanding. Accordingly, there is an increasing interest to develop and evaluate the interface to enhance the user experience and increase satisfaction in the touchscreen environment. Method: In this study, Korean text entry performance in the touchscreen environment was analyzed using ACT-R. The ACT-R model considering the characteristics of the Korean language which is composed of vowels and consonants was established. Further, this study analyzed if the prediction of Korean text entry is possible through the ACT-R cognitive model. Results: In the analysis results, no significant difference on performance time between model prediction and empirical data was found. Conclusion: The proposed model can predict the accurate physical movement time as well as cognitive processing time. Application: This study is useful in conducting model-based evaluation on the text entry interface of the touchscreen and enabled quantitative and effective evaluation on the diverse types of Korean text input interfaces through the cognitive models.

Keywords

References

  1. Anderson, J. R., Bothell, D., Byrne, M. D., Douglass, S., Lebiere, C. & Qin, Y., An Integrated Theory of Mind, Psychological Review, 111, 1036 -1060, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.111.4.1036
  2. Byrne, M. D. & Anderson, J. R., Enhancing ACT-R's Perceptual-Motor Abilities. In Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1997.
  3. Byrne, M. D., ACT-R/PM and Menu Selection: Applying a Cognitive Architecture to HCI, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Volume 55, Issue 1, 41-84, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.2001.0469
  4. Card, S. K., Moran, T. P. & Newell, A., The Psychology of Human- Computer Interaction, L. Erlbaum Associates, 1983.
  5. Das, A. & Stuerzlinger, W., A Cognitive Simulation Model for Novice Text Entry on Cell Phone Keypads. In Proceedings of the ECCC 2007 Conference, London, UK, 28-31, 2007.
  6. Fitts, P. M., The Information Capacity of the Human Motor Systems in Controlling the Amplitude of Movement. J. Exp. Psychology, 47(6), 381-391, 1954. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0055392
  7. Hick, W. E., On the Rate of Gain of Information, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 4, 11-26, 1952. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470215208416600
  8. http://act-r.psy.cmu.edu.
  9. Hyman, R., Stimulus Information as a Determinant of Reaction Time, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 45, 423-432, 1953. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0057118
  10. Ilinkin, I. & K, S., Design and Evaluation of Korean Text Entry Methods for Mobile Phones, In Human Factors in Computing Systems: CHI 2008 Conference Proceedings. New York, NY: ACM Press, 2008.
  11. John, B. E. & Kieras, D. E., Using GOMS for User Interface Design and Evaluation: Which Technique?, ACM Transactions on Computer- Human Interaction, 3(4), 287-319, 1996a. https://doi.org/10.1145/235833.236050
  12. John, B. E. & Kieras, D. E., The GOMS Family of User Interface Analysis Techniques: Comparison and Contrast, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 3(4), 320-350, 1996b. https://doi.org/10.1145/235833.236054
  13. John, B. E., Prevas, K., Salvucci, D. D. & Koedinger, K., Predictive Human Performance Modeling Made Easy. In Human Factors in Computing Systems: CHI 2004 Conference Proceedings New York, NY: ACM Press, 455-462, 2004.
  14. Kang, T. W. & Han, S. K., Genetic Algorithm for Korean Keyboard of Touchscreen Style, In Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineering, 28(1B), 286-288, 2001.
  15. Kong, B. D., Hong, S. K., Jo, S. & Myung, R., A Study of Korean Soft-Keyboards Layout for One Finger Text Entry. IE Interfaces, Vol. 22, No. 4, 329-335, 2009.
  16. Luo, L. & John, B. E., Predicting Task Execution Time on Handheld Devices using the Keystroke-Level Model. In Human Factors in Computing Systems: CHI 2005 Conference Proceedings, ACM Press. 1605-1608, 2005.
  17. Mackenzie, I. S. & Buxton, W., Extending Fitts' Law to Two-Dimensional Tasks. In Proceedings of CHI92. New York: ACM, 219-226, 1992.
  18. Min, J., Jo, S. & Myung, R., Prediction of Menu Selection on Touch-screen using a Cognitive Architecture: ACT-R, Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea, 29(6), 1-8, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5143/JESK.2010.29.1.001
  19. Myung, R., Keystroke-Level Analysis of Korean Text Entry Methods on Mobile Phones, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 60, 545-563, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2003.10.002
  20. Nilsen, E. L., Perceptual-Motor Control in Human-Computer Interaction. Technical Report, No. 37, University of Michigan, Cognitive Science and Machine Intelligence Laboratory. 1991.
  21. Pavlovych, A. & Stuerzlinger, W., Model for Non-Expert Text Entry Speed on 12-Button Phone Keypads, In Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Vienna, Austria 2004, 351-358, 2004.
  22. Silfverberg, M., MacKenzie, I. S. & Korhonen, P., Predicting Text Entry Speed on Mobile Phones. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 9-16, The Hague, The Netherlands, 2000.
  23. St. Amant, R., Horton, T. E. & Ritter, F. E., Model-Based Evaluation of Cell Phone Menu Interaction. In Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 343-350, 2004.
  24. St. Amant, R., Horton, T. E. & Ritter, F. E., Model-Based Evaluation of Expert Cell Phone Menu Interaction. ACM Transactions on Computer- Human Interaction, Vol. 14, No. 1, Article 1, 2007.
  25. TextwareSolution., The FITALY one-finger keyboards, http://fitaly.com/ fitaly, 1998.
  26. Zhai, S., Hunter, M., & Smith, B. A., The Metropolis Keyboard - An Exploration of Quantitative Techniques for Virtual Keyboard Design, In Proceedings of the UIST 2000, CHI Letters 2(2), ACM Press, 119-128, 2000.

Cited by

  1. Prediction of Human Performance Time to Find Objects on Multi-display Monitors using ACT-R Cognitive Architecture vol.32, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5143/JESK.2013.32.2.159