Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Decomposition of Microcystis sp. Cell and Formation of Chlorination Disinfection By-Products

Microcystis sp. Cell의 부패와 염소 소독부산물 생성

  • 손희종 (부산광역시 상수도사업본부 수질연구소) ;
  • 염훈식 (부산광역시 상수도사업본부 수질연구소) ;
  • 정종문 (부산광역시 상수도사업본부 수질연구소) ;
  • 최진택 (부산광역시 상수도사업본부 수질연구소)
  • Received : 2012.01.11
  • Accepted : 2012.05.29
  • Published : 2012.05.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) including trihalomethans (THM), haloacetic acid (HAA) and haloacetonitriles (HAN) from chlorination of extracellular organic matter (EOM) and cells + intracellular organic matter (IOM) of Microcystis sp., a blue-green algae, during decomposed period was investigated. Microcystis sp. cells + IOM and EOM of Microcystis sp. exhibited a high potential for DBP formation. HAAFP (formation potential) was higher than THMFP during decomposed period. In the variations of HAAFP species during decomposed period, the ratio of di-HAAFP species was gradually decreased and the ratio of tri-HAAFP species was gradually increased in the case of EOM during decomposed period, while the opposite result was in the case of cells + IOM during decomposed period. In the variations of HANFP species during decomposed period, the ratio of di-HANFP species was much higher than the ratio of tri-HAAFP species.

Microcystis sp.의 부패과정에서 수중으로 용출되는 AOM 특성과 염소 이들에서의 disinfection by-products (DBPs) 생성특성을 조사하였다. 수중으로 용출된 EOM과 cell + IOM에서의 염소 DBPs 생성특성을 조사한 결과, EOM은 보관기간 초기부터 지속적으로 증가하였으나 cell + IOM의 경우는 급격한 감소경향을 나타내었으며, 생성된 DBPs 중 HAAFP가 가장 높은 생성비율을 나타내었다. 또한, 이 때의 DBP 구성종들의 변화를 살펴본 결과, HAA 구성종들의 경우는 EOM에서는 di-HAA 구성종들의 비율은 점점 감소하였고 tri-HAA 구성종들의 비율은 점점 증가하였다. 그러나 cell + IOM의 경우는 EOM의 경우와는 반대 경향을 나타내었다. 또한, HAN 구성종들의 경우는 EOM과 cell + IOM 모두 di-HAN 구성종들의 생성비율이 월등히 높았다.

Keywords

References

  1. Jun, H. B., Lee, Y. J., Lee, B. D. and Knappe, D. R. U., "Effectiveness of coagulants and coagulant aids for the removal of filter-clogging Synedra," J. Water Suppl. Res. Technol. Aqua, 50(3), 135-148(2001).
  2. Choi, S. K., Lee, J. Y., Kwon, D. Y. and Cho, K. J., "Settling characteristics of problem algae in the water treatment process," Water Sci. Technol., 53(7), 73-119(2006).
  3. Joh, G., Choi, Y. S., Shin, J, K. and Lee, J., "Problematic algae in the sedimentation and filtration process of water treatment plants," J. Water Suppl. Res. Technol. Aqua, 60(4), 219-230(2011). https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2011.035
  4. Ma, J., Lei, G. and Fang, J., "Effect of algae species population structure on their removal by coagulation and filtration processes - a case study," J. Water Suppl. Res. Technol. Aqua, 56(1), 41-54(2007). https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2007.062
  5. Fleming, L. E., Rivero, C., Burns, J., Williams, C., Bean, J. A., Shea, K. A. and Stinn, J., "Blue green algal (cyanobacterial) toxins, surface drinking water and liver cancer in Florida," Harmful Algae, 1, 157-168(2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1568-9883(02)00026-4
  6. Ando, A., Miwa, M., Kajino, M. and Tatsumi, S., "Removal of musty-odorous compounds in water and retained in algal cells through water purification processes," Water Sci. Technol., 25(2), 299-306(1992).
  7. Henderson, R. K., Baker, A., Parsons, S. A. and Jefferson, B., "Characterization of algogenic organic matter extracted from cyanobacteria, green algae and diatoms," Water Res., 42, 3435-3445(2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.10.032
  8. Plummer, J. D. and Edzwald, J. K., "Effect of ozone on algae as precursors for trihalomethane and haloacetic acid production," Environ. Sci. Technol., 35(18), 3661-3668(2001). https://doi.org/10.1021/es0106570
  9. Huang, J., Graham, N. J. D., Templeton, M. R., Zhang, Y., Collins, C., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., "Evaluation of Anabaena flos-aquae as a precursor for trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation," Water Sci. Technol. Water Suppl., 8(6), 653-662(2008). https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.151
  10. Bond, T., Huang, J., Templeton, M. R. and Graham, N., "Occurrence and control of nitrogenous disinfection by-products in drinking water - a review," Water Res., 45, 4341-4354(2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.05.034
  11. Boyer, T. H., Singer, P. C., Aiken, G. R., "Removal of dissolved organic matter by anion exchange: effect of dissolved organic matter properties," Environ. Sci. Technol., 42(19), 7431-7437(2008). https://doi.org/10.1021/es800714d
  12. Hua, G. and Reckhow, D. A., "Characterization of disinfection byproduct precursors based on hydrophobicity and molecular size," Environ. Sci. Technol., 42(19), 3309-3315(2007).
  13. Huang, J., Graham, N. J. D., Templeton, M. R., Zhang, Y., Collins, C., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., "A comparison of the role of two blue-green algae in THM and HAA formation," Water Res., 43, 3009-3018(2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.04.029
  14. Brown, M. R., Jeffrey, S. W., Volkman, J. K. and Dunstan, G. A., "Nutritional properties of microalgae for mariculture," Aquaculture, 151(1-4), 315-331(1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01501-3
  15. Becker, E. W., "Micro-algae as a source of protein," Biotechnol. Advances, 25(2), 207-210(2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2006.11.002
  16. Crane, A. M., Kovacic, P. and Kovacic, E. D., "Volatile halocarbon production from the chlorination of marine algal byproducts, including D-mannitol," Environ. Sci. Technol., 14(11), 1371-1374(1980). https://doi.org/10.1021/es60171a005
  17. Myklestad, S. M., "Release of extracellular products by phytoplankton with special emphasis on polysaccharides," Sci. Total Environ., 165, 155-164(1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04549-G
  18. Fang, J., Yang, X., Ma, J., Shang, C. and Zhao, Q., "Characterization of algal organic matter and formation of DBPs from chlor(am)ination," Water Res., 44, 5897-5096(2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.009
  19. Hong, H. C., Mazumder, A., Wong, M. H. and Liang, Y., "Yield of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids upon chlorinating algal cells and its prediction via algal cellular biochemical composition," Water Res., 42, 4941-4949(2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.09.019
  20. Goslan, E. H., Purcell, D., Henderson, R., Jefferson, B., Janmohamed, I. H. S., Watson, J. S. and Parsons, S. A., "The potential of algal extracellular organic matter as DBP precursor material : a study of six algal species," Proceedings of IWA NOM conference, pp. 480-486, 2-4 September, Bath, UK, (2008).
  21. U.S. EPA, Method 552.3: Determination of Haloacetic Acids and Dalapon in Drinking Water by Liquid-Liquid Microextraction, Derivatization and Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection. EPA 815-B-03-002, Cincinnati, Ohio, (2003).
  22. U.S. EPA, Method 551.1: Determination of Chlorination Disinfection By-Products, Chlorinated Solvents and Halogenated Pesticides/Herbicides in Drinking Water by Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection, Cincinnati, Ohio, (1995).
  23. Nguyen, M. L., Westerhoff, P., Baker, L., Hu, Q., Esparza-Soto, M. and Sommerfeld, M., "Characteristics and reactivity of algae-produced dissolved organic carbon," J. Environ. Eng., 131(11), 1574-1582(2005). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2005)131:11(1574)
  24. Her, N., Amy, G. L., Park, H. R., Song, M., "Characterizing algogenic organic matter (AOM) and evaluating associated NF membrane fouling," Water Res., 38, 1427-1438(2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.12.008
  25. Pivokonsky, M., Kloucek, O. and Pivokonska, L., "Evaluation of the production, composition and aluminium and iron complexation of algogenic organic matter," Water Res., 40, 3045-3052(2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.06.028
  26. 손희종, 정철우, 강임석, "상수원수중의 천연유기물질 특성과 염소 소독부산물 생성의 관계," 대한환경공학회지, 26(4), 457-466(2004).
  27. Fang, J., Ma, J., Yang, X. and Shang, C., "Formation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-products from the chlorination of Microcystis aeruginosa," Water Res., 44, 1934-1940(2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.11.046
  28. Joo, S. H. and Mitch, W. A., "Nitrile, aldehyde and halonitroalkane formation during chlorination/chloramination of primary amines," Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 3811-3818(2007).
  29. Yang, X., Fan, C., Zhao, Q. and Shang, C., "Nitrogeneous disinfection byproducts formation and nitrogen origin exploration during chloramination of nitrogeneous organic compounds," Water Res., 44, 2691-2702(2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.01.029
  30. Reckhow, D. A., Platt, T. L., MacNeill, A. L. and McClellan, J. N., "Formation and degradation of dichloroacetonitrile in drinking waters," Aqua, 50, 1-13(2001).
  31. 손희종, 최영익, 배상대, 정철우, "아미노산 성분에서의 염소 소독부산물 생성 특성," 대한환경공학회지, 31(5), 332-340(2009).