DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Utilization Survey and Forage Quality of Phragmites communis and Native Grasses in Haenam, Pyeongchang and Wonju Regions, 2010

2010 해남, 평창, 원주지역 갈대 등 야초 류의 이용실태와 사료가치 평가

  • 서성 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 한대덕 (해남목장) ;
  • 장선식 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 김원호 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 정민웅 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 최진혁 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 김진숙 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 김하영 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 이종경 (농업기술실용화재단)
  • Received : 2011.09.14
  • Accepted : 2012.02.16
  • Published : 2012.03.31

Abstract

This study was carried out in 2010 to investigate the utilization and forage quality of native grasses, such as $Phragmites$ $communis$ which might reduce the cost of feeding domestic cattle. The regions surveyed were the Haenam ranch in Haenam, Pyeongchang, Wonju, and Yeonggwang. In Haenam, yearly silage production harvested from 300 ha was 2,000 MT (7 MT/ha). All of those round bale silages were self-consumed in that region, and marketing price was 50,000~55,000 won per roll (110 won/kg). $Phragmites$ $communis$ of 150 cm in length contained 8.4% crude protein (CP) with relative feed value (RFV) 71.9 and 60.1% in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), which was somewhat more favorable than forage quality of rice straw. The silage quality of $Phragmites$ $communis$ varied greatly by the time of harvest (CP 4.7~6.4%, RFV 62.2~78.9, and IVDMD 41.9~53.9%), even with the same district and of the same original forage materials. Generally, the quality of $Phragmites$ $communis$ silage of was poorer than that of sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid. In Pyeongchang, forage quality of $Phragmites$ $communis$ was decreased from 13.9% to 7.6% in CP, 90.7 to 76.1 in RFV, and 72.9% to 54.7% in IVDMD, as plant was getting mature, from 79 cm to 117 cm, 121 cm or to 142 cm in length. In Wonju, the quality values of $Phragmites$ $communis$ of 130 cm in length were 8.5% CP, 82.3 RFV and 70.2% IVDMD, while those of matured grasses of 220 cm in length were lower (10.2% CP, 65.1 RFV and 48.9% IVDMD), but this was a little more favorable than quality of rice straw. In Yeonggwang, feeding $Phragmites$ $communis$ was tried in a Hanwoo feed, but stopped due to low profitability. In conclusion, the overall quality of most native grasses including $Phragmites$ $communis$ in this survey was poor. Therefore, we recommend that $Phragmites$ $communis$ and native grasses should be harvested on June or July to obtain richer forage quality in forage values than rice straw.

본 연구는 부존 조사료자원 이용으로 수입사료를 줄이고 사료비를 절감하고자 2010년도에 전남 해남(간척지), 강원 평창(강변), 원주(섬강변), 전남 영광(와탄강변) 등 4개 지역에서 갈대와 억새 등 야초 자생지를 탐색하고, 수확 이용실태 조사와 함께 사료가치를 분석하였다. 전남 해남 해남목장 내 갈대(Phragmites communis) 위주의 야초 자생지는 300 ha로 예년에는 2회 곤포작업하여 연간 사일리지로 2,300~2,500톤(ha당 8톤)을 생산하였으나 2010년도는 1회 곤포조제로 사일리지 2,000톤(ha당 7톤)을 생산하였다. 유통가격은 롤 당 53천원으로 kg당 110원이었다. 곤포는 전량 자가소비하며, 외부 작업단에 롤 당 26천원의 작업비를 지불하였다. 연간 조수입은 2억 2,260만원이며, 소득은 1억원 수준(345천원/ha)이었다. 초장 150 cm의 갈대는 조단백질 8.4%, 상대사료가치 71.9 (건초 5등급), 건물 소화율 60.1%로 사료가치는 볏짚에 비해 약간 나은 것으로 평가되었다. 갈대 사일리지의 사료가치와 유기산 함량은 동일 지역에서 동일한 재료로 사일리지를 조제하더라도 수확시기에 따라 차이가 컸으며 (CP 4.7~6.4%, RFV 62.2~78.9, 건물 소화율 41.9~53.9%), 갈대 사일리지의 품질은 수단그라스에 비해 불량하였다. 강원 평창 강변 자생갈대의 사료가치는 초장이 79, 117, 121, 142 cm로 생육이 진행됨에 따라 낮아져, 조단백질은 각각 13.9%에서 7.6%로, 상대사료가치는 90.7 (건초 3등급)에서 76.1 (건초 4등급)로, 건물 소화율은 72.9%에서 54.7%로 감소하였다. 원주 섬강 주변 야초류는 곤포수확 작업에 어려움이 있었으며, 초장 130 cm의 갈대는 조단백질 8.5%, 상대사료가치 82.3 (건초 4등급), 건물 소화율 70.2%로 사료가치는 높았으며, 220 cm의 성숙한 갈대는 조단백질 10.2%, 상대사료 가치 65.1 (건초 5등급), 건물 소화율 48.9%로 볏짚 대비 조금 나은 것으로 평가되었다. 전남 영광지역에서는 와탄천 주변에 자생하는 갈대를 수거 이용하고자 시도하였으나 경제성이 없어 중단하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여볼 때, 갈대, 억새 등 야초류는 현 상태에서 최대한 수거 이용하되, 사료가치를 유지하고 가축 기호성이 양호한 시기에 수확하는 것이 중요하며, 최소한 볏짚과 비슷하거나 그 이상의 사료가치를 기대하기 위해서는 7월 중순 이전(늦어도 7월까지)에 수확 이용하는 것이 권장된다.

Keywords

References

  1. AOAC. 1990. Official methods of analysis(15th ed.). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, DC.
  2. Choi, I. 1999. Study on the feed value of domestic wild grasses and legumes. Kor. J. Dairy Sci. 21(1):21-30.
  3. Chun, W.B., C. Yoon, J.M. Lee and J.M. Park. 1983. Studies on the productivity of the native reed (Phragmites communis Trinius) 1. Changes in the productivity of the native reed (Phragmites communis Trinius) during the period of vegetation. J. Kor. Grassl. Sci. 4(2):89-97.
  4. Chun, W.B., C. Yoon and S.H. Rho. 1986a. Studies on the productivity of the native reed (Phragmites communis Trinius). 2. Effect of fertilizer application on the productivity of the native reed during the period of vegetation. J. Kor. Grassl. Sci. 6(1):24-30.
  5. Chun, W.B., C. Yoon and M.H. Son. 1986b. Studies on the productivity of the native reed (Phragmites communis Trinius). 3. Effect of cutting time on the regrowth and feed composition of native reed. J. Kor. Grassl. Sci 6(2):78-83.
  6. Goering, H.K. and P.J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage fiber analysis. USDA Agric. Handbook 37, US Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC.
  7. Holland, C., W. Kezar, W.P. Kautz, E.J. Lazowski, W.C. Mahanna and R. Reinhart. 1990. Pioneer forage manual : A nutritional guide. Pioneer Hi- Bred International, Inc. Des moines, IA. pp. 1-55.
  8. Kang, H.K. and N.K. Chang 1985. Annual net production and the stability of the pure Phragmites communis grassland in the lower course of Nakdong river. J. Kor. Grassl. Sci. 5(1):8-12.
  9. Kim, D.A., B.H. Kim and C.J. Kim. 1976. Grassland Science. Seon-jin Pub. Co. pp. 170-181.
  10. Kim., D.J. and W. Leem. 1988. Studies on the quality of silage from domestic herbage. 2 Comparative experiment of feeding of Arundinella hirta silage on additives. J. Kor. Grassl. Sci. 8(3): 169-174.
  11. Kim, D.J., Y.K. Kim, and W.J. Maeng. 1989. Study on the dry matter digestibility of in domestic herbage by Pepsin-Cellulase technique.I. Cell wall constituents and dry matter digestibility in wild grasses. J. Kor. Anim. Sci. 31(5):324-333.
  12. Kim. S.Y., K.I. Sung, and B. W. Kim. 2010. Plant height, dry matter yield and forage quality at different maturity of reed. Proc. of 2010 Annual Cong. of Kor. Soc. of Grassl. and Forage Sci. pp. 146-147.
  13. Lee, S.K. 1985. Study on the characteristics of growth and regrowth in Miscanthus sinensis. J. Kor. Grassl. Sci. 5(1):1-7.
  14. MIFAFF. 2010. Forage production of Animal Science. Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries.
  15. Moore, R.E. 1970. Procedure for the two-stage in vitro digestion of forage. Univ. of Florida, Dept. of Anim. Sci.
  16. Park, H.S. 2007. Studies on the genetic resources of native pasture plants in Jeju. Annual Res. Report of Jeju Agric. Exp. Stn., RDA.
  17. RDA. 2003. Investigation and Analysis of Research and Technology in Agriculture (Forages). Rural Development Administration.
  18. Seo, S., W.H. Kim, K.Y. Kim, M.W. Jung, J.H. Choi and J.K. Lee. 2011a. Forage quality of Miscanthus sinensis as native grasses according to growth stage. Annual Report of Extension Service (Animal Sci.). RDA. pp. 1217.
  19. Seo, S., W.H. Kim, M.W. Jung, H.S. Park, J.J. Shim, J.G. Park, H. G. Sung, J.D. Kim and J.K. Lee. 2011b. Studies on utilization survey and forage quality of Phragmites communis and Miscanthus sinensis as native grasses in Paju and Ansan district, 2010. J. Kor. Grassl. Forage Sci. 31(2):151-158. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2011.31.2.151
  20. STFCK. 2007. Standard Tables of Feed Composition in Korea. National Institute of Animal Science (11-1390271-000112-14), RDA
  21. Tilley, J.M.A. and R.A. Terry. 1963. A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. J. Bri. Grassl. Soc. 18:104-111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1963.tb00335.x
  22. Yeonggwang. 2010. Forage production of Yeonggwang-Gun.

Cited by

  1. Effects of Reed (Phragmites communis) on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality in Hanwoo Steers vol.22, pp.10, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2012.22.10.1392
  2. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Forage Growth, Yield and Quality of Native Reed (Phragmites communis) vol.33, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2013.33.2.105
  3. Effects of Mixed Application of Chemical Fertilizer and Liquid Swine Manure on Agronomic Characteristics, Yield and Feed Value of Sorghum × Sudangrass Hybrid for Silage in Paddy Field Cultivation vol.34, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2014.34.3.155
  4. Effects of Mixed Application of Chemical Fertilizer with Liquid Swine Manure on Agronomic Characteristics, Yield and Feed Value of Sorghum × Sorghum Hybrid for Silage in Paddy Field Cultivation vol.35, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2015.35.4.290
  5. Effect of feeding mixed microbial culture fortified with trace minerals on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen and trace mineral balance in Sheep vol.58, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40781-016-0102-8