Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
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Uncertainty Assessment of Single Event Rainfall-Runoff Model Using Bayesian Model

Bayesian 모형을 이용한 단일사상 강우-유출 모형의 불확실성 분석

  • Kwon, Hyun-Han (Department of Civil Engineering, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Jang-Gyeong (Department of Civil Engineering, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Jong-Seok (College of Engineering, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Na, Bong-Kil (Korea Water Resources Corporation, Bohyunsandam Construction Office)
  • 권현한 (전북대학교 토목공학과) ;
  • 김장경 (전북대학교 토목공학과) ;
  • 이종석 (전북대학교 공과대학) ;
  • 나봉길 (한국수자원공사 보현산댐건설단 공사팀)
  • Received : 2012.03.08
  • Accepted : 2012.03.22
  • Published : 2012.05.31
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Abstract

The study applies a hydrologic simulation model, HEC-1 developed by Hydrologic Engineering Center to Daecheong dam watershed for modeling hourly inflows of Daecheong dam. Although the HEC-1 model provides an automatic optimization technique for some of the parameters, the built-in optimization model is not sufficient in estimating reliable parameters. In particular, the optimization model often fails to estimate the parameters when a large number of parameters exist. In this regard, a main objective of this study is to develop Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation based HEC-1 model (BHEC-1). The Clark IUH method for transformation of precipitation excess to runoff and the soil conservation service runoff curve method for abstractions were used in Bayesian Monte Carlo simulation. Simulations of runoff at the Daecheong station in the HEC-1 model under Bayesian optimization scheme allow the posterior probability distributions of the hydrograph thus providing uncertainties in rainfall-runoff process. The proposed model showed a powerful performance in terms of estimating model parameters and deriving full uncertainties so that the model can be applied to various hydrologic problems such as frequency curve derivation, dam risk analysis and climate change study.

본 연구에서는 국내외에서 범용되고 있는 단일강우사상 모형인 미육군공병단의 HEC-1 모형을 이용하여 대청댐 유역의 실측 강우-유출 사상을 중심으로 강우-유출 모의를 수행하였으며, 매개변수 검정에는 실제 대청댐의 시간당 유입량을 기준으로 검정을 실시하였다. HEC-1 모형에는 매개변수를 자동으로 최적화시키는 프로그램이 내장되어 있으나 본 연구의 대상유역과 같이 다수의 소유역이 있는 경우, 매개변수 추정시 매개변수 중 일부는 수렴되지 못하고 발산하는 문제가 있었으며, 첨두유량의 추정능력 역시 저하되는 문제를 보였다. 따라서 이러한 HEC-1 모형의 매개변수의 불확실성을 고려하기 위한 방안으로 Bayesian 모형을 HEC-1모형에 연동시켜 활용하였으며, 기존 HEC-1 강우-유출 모형에 적용할 수 있는 매개변수 최적화 및 불확실성 정량화를 위해 HEC-1 강우-유출 모형 매개변수는 SCS 1개, Clark 단위도 2개를 Bayesian MCMC 기법을 적용하여 매개변수간 조건부확률로 모의발생을 한 후, Bayesian 모형으로부터 각 매개변수의 사후분포(posterior distribution)를 추정하여 사후분포의 추정이 매개변수의 불확실성 정량화를 수행하였다. 본 연구를 통해 제안된 BHEC-1 모형을 대상으로 대청댐 유역에 실측 강우-유출사상에 대해서 모형의 적합성을 평가한 결과, 7개 유역의 21개의 매개변수가 해의 발산 없이 안정된 매개변수 추정이 가능하였다. 한편, Bayesian 모형을 근간으로 하기 때문에 최종결과로서 매개변수들의 사후분포(posterior)의 추정이 가능하여 향후 홍수빈도곡선 유도, 댐 위험도분석과 기후변화 문제와 같은 다양한 수문학적 문제의 연구에 적용 가능할 것으로 전망된다.

Keywords

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