Journal of Bio-Environment Control (생물환경조절학회지)

The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control (한국생물환경조절학회)
권호 표지

Appropriate Daily Last Irrigation Time in Coir Bag Culture for Tomato

토마토 코이어 자루재배시 적정 급액마감시각 구명

  • Received : 2011.09.05
  • Accepted : 2012.03.23
  • Published : 2012.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This research was performed to determine the appropriate daily last irrigation time to enhance the plant growth and the water and fertilizer use efficiencies in coir bag culture for tomato plant. The time to finish the daily irrigation was set by 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours before the sunset. The water content in the substrate was greatly affected by the last irrigation time. The earlier the last time, the greater the daily fluctuation of water contents in the substrate. The daily irrigation times were not affected by using irrigation management system controlled by drainage electrodes or the physiochemical properties of coir. The growth characteristics were not significantly different among the treatments. The highest marketable yields were obtained in the treatment finishing two hours before sunset, and the lowest yields were obtained in the the treatment finishing 4 hours before sunset. Based on the result from surveying quantity of irrigated water for 128 days of the experiment period, the water and fertilizer use efficiencies were lowest in the treatment finishing 4 hours before sunset, and the highest in the treatment finishing 2 hours before sunset. In terms of plant growth, yields, water and fertilizer use efficiencies, 2 hours before sunset treatment was determined as the most economical and desirable irrigation schedule.

코이어 자루재배시 일중 급액마감시각을 달리함으로써 최적 생장을 유지하면서도 용수이용효율(WUE)와 비료이용효율(FUE)를 높이기 위해 실험을 실시하였다. 급액마감시각에 따라 일몰 1시간 전부터 4시간 전까지 4단계로 나누어 처리한 결과, 하루 동안의 배지 내 수분함량은 마감시각의 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 나타났는데, 급액마감시각이 빠를수록 일일 수분함량 변화폭이 컸다. 그러나 일일급액횟수는 급액마감시각의 영향이 크지 않았는데 이는 급액제어 시스템으로 배액전극 제어법을 사용한 것과 코이어 배지의 이화학적 특성 때문으로 판단되었다. 최종 생육은 통계적 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 상품과량은 일몰 2시간 전 처리에서 가장 많았고, 4시간 전 처리에서 가장 적었다. 급액마감시각 처리별 128일 동안의 급액량을 조사한 결과, WUE와 FUE는 일몰마감 4시간 전 처리에서 가장 낮았고, 2시간 전 처리에서 가장 높았다. 식물생육, 수확량 및 WUE와 FUE 등의 면에서 일몰 1시간 전 처리와 4시간 전 처리는 경제적인 면에서 바람직하지 않았고, 2시간 전에 급액을 마감하는 것이 가장 경제성이 좋을 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Abou-Hadid, A.F., M.Z. El-Shinawy, A.S. El-Beltagy, and S.W. Burrage. 1993. Relation between water use efficiency of sweet pepper grown under nutrient film technique and rockwool under protected cultivation. Acta Hort. 323:89-96.
  2. Araki, Y. 1994. Relationship between plant water status and water movement in tomato. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 62:121-128.
  3. Araki, Y. 1994. Growth of greenhouse-grown tomato irrigated on the basis of plant or soil moisture status. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 63:91-97.
  4. Bhattarai, S.P., L. Pendergast, and D.J. Midmore. 2006. Root aeration improves yield and water use efficiency of tomato in heavy clay and saline soils. Scientia Horticulturae 108:278-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.02.011
  5. Bonachela, S., J. Quesadaa, R.A. Acuna, J.J. Magan, and O. Marfa. 2010. Oxyfertigation of a greenhouse tomato crop grown on rockwool slabs and irrigated with treated wastewater: Oxygen content dynamics and crop response. Agricultural Water Management 97:433-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2009.10.016
  6. Cho, I.H., E.H. Lee, T.Y. Kim, Y.H. Woo, and Y.S. Kwon. 1998. Effects of high humidity on occurrence of tomato blossom-end rot. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 39:247-249.
  7. Choi, Y.H., H.C. Rhee, G.B. Kweon, J.H. Lee, D.K. Park, and J.K. Kwon. 1999. Effects of soil moisture, night temperature, humidity and harvesting interval on cracking fruit of cherry tomato. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 40:169-173.
  8. Giuffrida, F., C. Leonardi, and O. Marfa. 2007. Substrate reuse in tomato soilless cultivation. Acta Hort. 801:1577-1582.
  9. Irungu, A.P.M., P.K. Chege, D.T. Moabi, and T. Yamashita. 2007. Effect of coconut coir media on bitter gourdn (Momordica charantia L.) growth and yield in an energy-saving hydroponic system. Journal of Tropical Agriculture 51:177-182.
  10. Kang, N.J. and Y.H. Choi. 2009. Influence of irrigation levels on plant growth and fruit quality in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 27:93-101.
  11. Kang, N.J., M.W. Cho, J.K. Kweon, H.C. Rhee, and Y.H. Choi. 2006. Effects of deficit irrigation by different soil moisture-based water potential on total soluble sol-ids and fruit yields in fresh tomato. J. Bio-Env. Con. 15:335-339.
  12. Kim, Y.S. 2003. Possibility of water management in hydroponics by electrical signal. Industrial Science Researches of Sangmyung University 14:1-10.
  13. Kim, S.E., S.Y. Sim, and Y.S. Kim. 2011. Appropriate each irrigation quantity in irrigation system controlled by drainage level sensor for perlite bag culture of tomato. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 29:36-42.
  14. Koyama, S., H. Urayama, K. M. P. D. Karunaratne, and T. Yamashita. 2009. Effects of coir application on soil properties and cucumber production as a reuse model of organic medium used in soilless culture. J. Tropical Agriculture and Development 53: 7-13.
  15. Marfa, O., A. Martinez, R. Orozco, L. Serrano, and F.X. Martinez. 1993. The use of fine-grade perlites in lettuce bag cultures. II. Physical properties, rheologic effects and productivity. Acta Hort. 342:339-348.
  16. Martin, B. and Y.R. Thorstenson. 1988. Stable carbon isotope composition (13C), water use efficiency, and biomass productivity of Lycopersicon esculentum, Lycopersicon pennellii, and the F1 hybrid. Plant Physiology 88:213-217. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.88.1.213
  17. Ohkawa, H. and G. Hayashi. 1996. Production of high soluble solids tomato by hydroponics used for capillary mat and root restriction sheet. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sic. 65:366-367 (Abstr.).
  18. Park, S.K., Y.H. Lee, Y.B. Lee, K.M. Yu, D.H. Lee, and S.Y. Choi. 2003. Effects of irrigation amount on growth and yield in cucumber fertigation. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 21(suppl. ll):51.
  19. Rhee, H.C., M.W. Cho, Y.C. Um, J.M. Park, and J.H. Lee. 2008. Control of irrigation amount for production of high quality fruit in melon fertigation cultivation. J. Bio-Env. Con. 17:288-292.
  20. Roh, M.Y. 1997. Development of irrigation control system based on integrated solar radiation and nutrient solution suitable for closed system in substrate culture of cucumber. PhD. Diss., Univ. of Seoul, Seoul, Korea.
  21. Rouphael, Y., G. Colla, M. Cardarelli, S. Fanasca, A. Salerno, C.M. Rivera, A. Rea, and F. Karam. 2005. Water use efficiency of greenhouse summer squash in relation to the method of culture: Soil VS. soilless. Acta Hort. 697:81-86.
  22. Rubio, J.S., F. Rubioa, V. Martinez, and F. Garcia-Sanchez. 2010. Amelioration of salt stress by irrigation management in pepper plants grown in coconut coir dust. Agricultural Water Management 97:1695-1702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.05.026
  23. Schon, M.K. and M.K. Compton. 1997. Comparison of cucumbers grown in rockwool or perlite at two leaching fractions. HortTechnology 7:30-33.
  24. Sezen, S.M., G. Celikel, A. Yazar, S. Tekin, and B. Kapur. 2010. Effect of irrigation management on yield and quality of tomatoes grown in different soilless media in a glasshouse. Scientific Research and Essay 5:41-48.
  25. Sim, S.Y and Y.S. Kim. 2009. Improvement of water and fertilizer use efficiency by daily last irrigation time for tomato perlite bag culture. J. Bio-Env. Con. 18:408-412.
  26. Stradiot, P. and Battistel, P. 2003. Improved plant management with localised crop heating and advice on distance in the Mediterranean climate. Acta Hort. 614: 461-467.
  27. Vaughn, S.F., A.D. Nathan, A.B. Mark, and L.E. Roque. 2010. Lesquerella press cake as an organic fertilizer for greenhouse tomatoes. Industrial Crops and Products 32:164-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.04.008
  28. Warren, S.L. and T.E. Bilderback. 2004. Irrigation timing: Effect on plant growth, photosynthesis, water-use efficiency and substrate temperature. Acta Hort. 644:29-37.
  29. Wu, M. and C. Kubota. 2008. Effects of high electrical conductivity of nutrient solution and its application timing on lycopene, chlorophyll and sugar concentrations of hydroponic tomatoes during ripening. Scientia Horticulturae 116:122-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2007.11.014
  30. Zabri, A.W. and S.W. Burrage. 1998. The effects of vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and enrichment with $CO_2$ on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and water use efficiency (WUE) of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) grown by NFT. Acta Hort. 458:351-356.