Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information (한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지)

Korean Society of Computer Information (한국컴퓨터정보학회)
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Analysis of the CPU/GPU Temperature and Energy Efficiency depending on Executed Applications

응용프로그램 실행에 따른 CPU/GPU의 온도 및 컴퓨터 시스템의 에너지 효율성 분석

  • Choi, Hong-Jun (School of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kang, Seung-Gu (School of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Myon (School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Kim, Cheol-Hong (School of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University)
  • 최홍준 (전남대학교 전자컴퓨터공학부) ;
  • 강승구 (전남대학교 전자컴퓨터공학부) ;
  • 김종면 (울산대학교 전기공학부) ;
  • 김철홍 (전남대학교 전자컴퓨터공학부)
  • Received : 2012.01.31
  • Accepted : 2012.03.20
  • Published : 2012.05.31
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Abstract

As the clock frequency increases, CPU performance improves continuously. However, power and thermal problems in the CPU become more serious as the clock frequency increases. For this reason, utilizing the GPU to reduce the workload of the CPU becomes one of the most popular methods in recent high-performance computer systems. The GPU is a specialized processor originally designed for graphics processing. Recently, the technologies such as CUDA which utilize the GPU resources more easily become popular, leading to the improved performance of the computer system by utilizing the CPU and GPU simultaneously in executing various kinds of applications. In this work, we analyze the temperature and the energy efficiency of the computer system where the CPU and the GPU are utilized simultaneously, to figure out the possible problems in upcoming high-performance computer systems. According to our experimentation results, the temperature of both CPU and GPU increase when the application is executed on the GPU. When the application is executed on the CPU, CPU temperature increases whereas GPU temperature remains unchanged. The computer system shows better energy efficiency by utilizing the GPU compared to the CPU, because the throughput of the GPU is much higher than that of the CPU. However, the temperature of the system tends to be increased more easily when the application is executed on the GPU, because the GPU consumes more power than the CPU.

전력 소모 증가와 칩 내부 온도 증가라는 문제점들로 인해 동작 주파수 증대를 통해 CPU의 성능을 향상시키는 기법은 점차 한계에 다다르고 있다. 이와 같은 상황에서, CPU의 작업량을 줄여주는 GPU를 활용하는 것은 컴퓨터 시스템의 성능을 향상시키기 위해 사용되는 대표적인 방안 중 하나이다. GPU는 그래픽 작업을 위해 개발된 프로세서로 기존에는 그래픽 작업들만을 전담으로 처리하여 왔지만, CUDA와 같이 GPU 자원을 쉽게 활용할 수 있는 기술이 점차 개발됨에 따라서 GPU를 범용 연산에 활용함으로써 고성능 컴퓨터 시스템을 구현하는 기법이 주목을 받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 응용프로그램들을 수행하는 경우에 CPU와 GPU가 동시에 활용되는 고성능 컴퓨터 시스템을 목표로, 시스템에서 발생하는 온도와 에너지 효율성을 상세하게 분석하고자 한다. 이를 통해, CPU와 GPU가 동시에 활용되는 컴퓨터 시스템에서 향후 발생 가능한 온도와 에너지 소비 측면에서의 문제점들을 제시하고자 한다. 온도 분석 결과를 살펴보면, GPU를 이용하여 응용프로그램을 수행하는 경우에는 CPU와 GPU의 온도가 동시에 모두 상승하는 것을 할 수 있다. 이와 달리, CPU를 이용하여 응용프로그램을 수행하는 경우에는 GPU의 온도는 거의 변화가 없이 유지되고, CPU의 온도만이 지속적으로 상승한다. 에너지 효율성 측면에서 살펴보면, GPU를 이용하는 것이 CPU를 이용하는 것과 비교하여 동일한 응용프로그램을 수행하는데 있어서 더 적은 에너지를 소비한다. 하지만, GPU는 CPU에 비해 더 많은 전력을 소모하기 때문에 1Wh의 에너지당 발생하는 온도는 CPU에 비해 GPU에서 훨씬 높게 나타난다.

Keywords

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