DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Updated Guidelines 2012 for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

위식도역류질환 임상진료지침 개정안 2012

  • Jung, Hye-Kyung (Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine) ;
  • Hong, Su Jin (Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Jo, Yunju (Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine) ;
  • Jeon, Seong Woo (Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Cho, Yu Kyung (Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Kwang Jae (Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Joon Seong (Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Hyo Jin (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Shin, Ein Soon (Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Sun Hee (Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine) ;
  • Han, Sang-Uk (Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine) ;
  • , (The Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
  • 정혜경 (이화여자대학교 의학전문대학원) ;
  • 홍수진 (순천향대학교 의과대학) ;
  • 조윤주 (을지대학교 의과대학) ;
  • 전성우 (경북대학교 의과대학) ;
  • 조유경 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이광재 (아주대학교 의과대학 소화기내과학교실) ;
  • 이준성 (순천향대학교 의과대학) ;
  • 박효진 (연세대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 신인순 (아주대학교 의과대학 예방의학과교실) ;
  • 이선희 (이화여자대학교 의학전문대학원 예방의학과교실) ;
  • 한상욱 (아주대학교 의과대학 외과학교실) ;
  • 대한소화기기능성질환.운동학회 (대한소화기기능성질환.운동학회)
  • Published : 2012.10.25

Abstract

In 2010, a Korean guideline for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was made by the Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, in which the definition and diagnosis of GERD were not included. The aim of this guideline was to update the clinical approach to the diagnosis and management of GERD in adult patients. This guideline was developed by the adaptation process of the ADAPTE framework. Twelve guidelines were retrieved from initial queries through the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II process. Twenty-seven statements were made as a draft and revised by modified Delphi method. Finally, 24 consensus statements for the definition (n=4), diagnosis (n=7) and management (n=13) of GERD were developed. Multidisciplinary experts participated in the development of the guideline, and the external review of the guideline was conducted at the finalization phase.

Keywords

References

  1. Rhee PL. Review : Evidence based guideline for diagnosis and treatment: Diagnostic guideline for GERD. Korean J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2005;11:5-12.
  2. Lee JH, Cho YK, Jeon SW, et al.; Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility. Guidelines for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Korean J Gastroenterol 2011;57:57-66. https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2011.57.2.57
  3. Steering Committee for Clinical Practice Guideline. Adaptation process for developing Korean clinical practice guidelines. 1st ed. Seoul: Minister of Health & Welfare.Korean Academy of Medical Sciences, 2011.
  4. Deeks JJ, Dinnes J, D'Amico R, et al.; International Stroke Trial Collaborative Group; European Carotid Surgery Trial Collaborative Group. Evaluating non-randomised intervention studies. Health Technol Assess 2003;7:iii-x, 1-173.
  5. Guyatt GH, Cook DJ, Jaeschke R, Pauker SG, Schunemann HJ. Grades of recommendation for antithrombotic agents: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th edition). Chest 2008;133(6 Suppl):123S-131S. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.08-0654
  6. Schnemann HJ, Oxman AD, Brozek J, et al.; GRADE Working Group. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations for diagnostic tests and strategies. BMJ 2008;336:1106-1110. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39500.677199.AE
  7. Dent J, Brun J, Fendrick A, et al. An evidence-based appraisal of reflux disease management-the Genval Workshop Report. Gut 1999;44(Suppl 2):S1-S16. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.44.2008.S1
  8. Dimenas E. Methodological aspects of evaluation of quality of life in upper gastrointestinal diseases. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1993;199:18-21.
  9. Glise H. Quality of life and cost of therapy in reflux disease. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1995;210:38-42.
  10. Rush DR, Stelmach WJ, Young TL, et al. Clinical effectiveness and quality of life with ranitidine vs placebo in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients: a clinical experience network (CEN) study. J Fam Pract 1995;41:126-136.
  11. Glise H, Wiklund I. Measurement of the impact of heartburn and dyspepsia on quality of life. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997;11:73-77.
  12. Dimenas E, Carlsson G, Glise H, Israelsson B, Wiklund I. Relevance of norm values as part of the documentation of quality of life instruments for use in upper gastrointestinal disease. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1996;221:8-13.
  13. Armstrong D, Marshall JK, Chiba N, et al.; Canadian Association of Gastroenterology GERD Consensus Group. Canadian Consensus Conference on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults - update 2004. Can J Gastroenterol 2005;19:15-35. https://doi.org/10.1155/2005/836030
  14. Vakil N, van Zanten SV, Kahrilas P, Dent J, Jones R; Global Consensus Group. The Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a global evidence-based consensus. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:1900-1920. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00630.x
  15. Wiklund I, Carlsson J, Vakil N. Gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and well-being in a random sample of the general population of a Swedish community. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:18-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.00343.x
  16. Ronkainen J, Aro P, Storskrubb T, et al. Gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms and health-related quality of life in the adult general population--the Kalixanda study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006;23:1725-1733. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02952.x
  17. Kahrilas PJ, Shaheen NJ, Vaezi MF, et al.; American Gastroenterological Association. American Gastroenterological Association Medical Position Statement on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology 2008;135:1383-1391.e5.
  18. Modlin IM, Hunt RH, Malfertheiner P, et al.; Vevey NERD Consensus Group. Diagnosis and management of non-erosive reflux disease--the Vevey NERD Consensus Group. Digestion 2009;80:74-88. https://doi.org/10.1159/000219365
  19. Fock KM, Talley NJ, Fass R, et al. Asia-Pacific consensus on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease: update. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;23:8-22.
  20. Lundell LR, Dent J, Bennett JR, et al. Endoscopic assessment of oesophagitis: clinical and functional correlates and further validation of the Los Angeles classification. Gut 1999;45:172-180. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.45.2.172
  21. Galmiche JP, Clouse RE, Balint A, et al. Functional esophageal disorders. Gastroenterology 2006;130:1459-1465. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.060
  22. Klauser AG, Schindlbeck NE, Müller-Lissner SA. Symptoms in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Lancet 1990;335:205-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)90287-F
  23. Howard PJ, Maher L, Pryde A, Heading RC. Symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux, abnormal oesophageal acid exposure, and mucosal acid sensitivity are three separate, though related, aspects of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Gut 1991;32:128-132. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.32.2.128
  24. Kim N, Lee SW, Cho SI, et al.; H. pylori and Gerd Study Group of Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research. The prevalence of and risk factors for erosive oesophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease: a nationwide multicentre prospective study in Korea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008;27:173-185.
  25. Khan M, Santana J, Donnellan C, Preston C, Moayyedi P. Medical treatments in the short term management of reflux oesophagitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(2): CD003244.
  26. Marshall RE, Anggiansah A, Owen WA, Owen WJ. Investigation of oesophageal reflux symptoms after gastric surgery with combined pH and bilirubin monitoring. Br J Surg 1999;86:271-275. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2168.1999.00951.x
  27. Okamoto K, Iwakiri R, Mori M, et al. Clinical symptoms in endoscopic reflux esophagitis: evaluation in 8031 adult subjects. Dig Dis Sci 2003;48:2237-2241. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:DDAS.0000007857.15694.15
  28. Kusano M, Shimoyama Y, Sugimoto S, et al. Development and evaluation of FSSG: frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD. J Gastroenterol 2004;39:888-891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-004-1417-7
  29. Jung HK. Epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Asia: a systematic review. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011;17:14-27. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm.2011.17.1.14
  30. Richards H, McConnachie A, Morrison C, Murray K, Watt G. Social and gender variation in the prevalence, presentation and general practitioner provisional diagnosis of chest pain. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000;54:714-718. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.54.9.714
  31. Eslick GD, Jones MP, Talley NJ. Non-cardiac chest pain: prevalence, risk factors, impact and consulting-a population-based study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17:1115-1124. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01557.x
  32. Locke GR 3rd, Talley NJ, Fett SL, Zinsmeister AR, Melton LJ 3rd. Prevalence and clinical spectrum of gastroesophageal reflux: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Gastroenterology 1997;112:1448-1456. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(97)70025-8
  33. Gislason T, Janson C, Vermeire P, et al. Respiratory symptoms and nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux: a population-based study of young adults in three European countries. Chest 2002;121:158-163. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.121.1.158
  34. Rey E, Elola-Olaso CM, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Locke GR 3rd, Diaz-Rubio M. Prevalence of atypical symptoms and their association with typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux in Spain. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;18:969-975. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.meg.0000230081.53298.03
  35. el-Serag HB, Sonnenberg A. Comorbid occurrence of laryngeal or pulmonary disease with esophagitis in United States military veterans. Gastroenterology 1997;113:755-760. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(97)70168-9
  36. Chang AB, Lasserson TJ, Gaffney J, Connor FL, Garske LA. Gastro-oesophageal reflux treatment for prolonged non-specific cough in children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;(1):CD004823.
  37. So JB, Zeitels SM, Rattner DW. Outcomes of atypical symptoms attributed to gastroesophageal reflux treated by laparoscopic fundoplication. Surgery 1998;124:28-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6060(98)70071-6
  38. Kamel PL, Hanson D, Kahrilas PJ. Omeprazole for the treatment of posterior laryngitis. Am J Med 1994;96:321-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(94)90061-2
  39. Gasiorowska A, Fass R. The proton pump inhibitor (PPI) test in GERD: does it still have a role? J Clin Gastroenterol 2008;42:867-874. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0b013e31816c47ed
  40. Numans ME, Lau J, de Wit NJ, Bonis PA. Short-term treatment with proton-pump inhibitors as a test for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a meta-analysis of diagnostic test characteristics. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:518-527. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-7-200404060-00011
  41. Moayyedi P, Axon AT. The usefulness of the likelihood ratio in the diagnosis of dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:3122-3125. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01502.x
  42. Peng S, Xiong LS, Xiao YL, et al. Prompt upper endoscopy is an appropriate initial management in uninvestigated chinese patients with typical reflux symptoms. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:1947-1952. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2010.121
  43. Wu JC, Chan FK, Ching JY, et al. Empirical treatment based on "typical" reflux symptoms is inappropriate in a population with a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55:461-465. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2002.122617
  44. Ghoshal UC, Singh R, Chang FY, Hou X, Wong BC, Kachintorn U; Functional Dyspepsia Consensus Team of the Asian Neurogastroenterology and Motility Association and the Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology. Epidemiology of uninvestigated and functional dyspepsia in Asia: facts and fiction. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011;17:235-244. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm.2011.17.3.235
  45. Vakil N, Moayyedi P, Fennerty MB, Talley NJ. Limited value of alarm features in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal malignancy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2006;131:390-401. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2006.04.029
  46. Sung JJ, Lao WC, Lai MS, et al. Incidence of gastroesophageal malignancy in patients with dyspepsia in Hong Kong: implications for screening strategies. Gastrointest Endosc 2001;54:454-458. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2001.118254
  47. Holloway RH, Dent J, Narielvala F, Mackinnon AM. Relation between oesophageal acid exposure and healing of oesophagitis with omeprazole in patients with severe reflux oesophagitis. Gut 1996;38:649-654. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.38.5.649
  48. Pandolfino JE, Vakil NB, Kahrilas PJ. Comparison of inter- and intraobserver consistency for grading of esophagitis by expert and trainee endoscopists. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:639-643. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(02)70110-7
  49. Richter JE. Diagnostic tests for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Med Sci 2003;326:300-308. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-200311000-00006
  50. Gonsalves N, Policarpio-Nicolas M, Zhang Q, Rao MS, Hirano I. Histopathologic variability and endoscopic correlates in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;64:313-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2006.04.037
  51. Furuta GT, Liacouras CA, Collins MH, et al.; First International Gastrointestinal Eosinophil Research Symposium (FIGERS) Subcommittees. Eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adults: a systematic review and consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Gastroenterology 2007;133:1342-1363. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2007.08.017
  52. Barrett NR. Chronic peptic ulcer of the oesophagus and 'oesophagitis'. Br J Surg 1950;38:175-182. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.18003815005
  53. Sampliner RE; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Updated guidelines for the diagnosis, surveillance, and therapy of Barrett's esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:1888-1895. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05910.x
  54. Sharma P, McQuaid K, Dent J, et al.; AGA Chicago Workshop. A critical review of the diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus: the AGA Chicago Workshop. Gastroenterology 2004;127:310-330. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2004.04.010
  55. Wang KK, Sampliner RE; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Updated guidelines 2008 for the diagnosis, surveillance and therapy of Barrett's esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:788-797. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01835.x
  56. American Gastroenterological Association; Spechler SJ, Sharma P, Souza RF, Inadomi JM, Shaheen NJ. American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on the management of Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology 2011;140:1084-1091. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2011.01.030
  57. Paull A, Trier JS, Dalton MD, Camp RC, Loeb P, Goyal RK. The histologic spectrum of Barrett's esophagus. N Engl J Med 1976;295:476-480. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197608262950904
  58. Haggitt RC, Tryzelaar J, Ellis FH, Colcher H. Adenocarcinoma complicating columnar epithelium-lined (Barrett's) esophagus. Am J Clin Pathol 1978;70:1-5. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/70.1.1
  59. Smith RR, Hamilton SR, Boitnott JK, Rogers EL. The spectrum of carcinoma arising in Barrett's esophagus. A clinicopathologic study of 26 patients. Am J Surg Pathol 1984;8:563-573. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000478-198408000-00001
  60. Paraf F, Flejou JF, Pignon JP, Fekete F, Potet F. Surgical pathology of adenocarcinoma arising in Barrett's esophagus. Analysis of 67 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1995;19:183-191. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000478-199502000-00007
  61. Spechler SJ, Sharma P, Souza RF, Inadomi JM, Shaheen NJ; American Gastroenterological Association. American Gastroenterological Association technical review on the management of Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology 2011;140:e18-e52.
  62. American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: guidelines on the use of esophageal pH recording. Gastroenterology 1996;110:1981. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.1996.1101981
  63. Kahrilas PJ, Shaheen NJ, Vaezi MF; American Gastroenterological Association Institute; Clinical Practice and Quality Management Committee. American Gastroenterological Association Institute technical review on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology 2008;135:1392-1413, 413 e1-5. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2008.08.044
  64. Ward EM, Devault KR, Bouras EP, et al. Successful oesophageal pH monitoring with a catheter-free system. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;19:449-454. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01868.x
  65. Pandolfino JE, Richter JE, Ours T, Guardino JM, Chapman J, Kahrilas PJ. Ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring using a wireless system. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:740-749. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07398.x
  66. Pandolfino JE, Kahrilas PJ; American Gastroenterological Association. AGA technical review on the clinical use of esophageal manometry. Gastroenterology 2005;128:209-224. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2004.11.008
  67. Pandolfino JE, Ghosh SK, Rice J, Clarke JO, Kwiatek MA, Kahrilas PJ. Classifying esophageal motility by pressure topography characteristics: a study of 400 patients and 75 controls. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:27-37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01532.x
  68. Ghosh SK, Pandolfino JE, Rice J, Clarke JO, Kwiatek M, Kahrilas PJ. Impaired deglutitive EGJ relaxation in clinical esophageal manometry: a quantitative analysis of 400 patients and 75 controls. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007;293:G878-G885. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00252.2007
  69. Bredenoord AJ, Weusten BL, Timmer R, Conchillo JM, Smout AJ. Addition of esophageal impedance monitoring to pH monitoring increases the yield of symptom association analysis in patients off PPI therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:453-459. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00427.x
  70. Sifrim D, Mittal R, Fass R, et al. Review article: acidity and volume of the refluxate in the genesis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007;25:1003-1017. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03281.x
  71. Farre R, van Malenstein H, De Vos R, et al. Short exposure of oesophageal mucosa to bile acids, both in acidic and weakly acidic conditions, can impair mucosal integrity and provoke dilated intercellular spaces. Gut 2008;57:1366-1374. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2007.141804
  72. Koek GH, Sifrim D, Lerut T, Janssens J, Tack J. Effect of the GABA(B) agonist baclofen in patients with symptoms and duodeno- gastro-oesophageal reflux refractory to proton pump inhibitors. Gut 2003;52:1397-1402. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.52.10.1397
  73. Savarino E, Zentilin P, Tutuian R, et al. The role of nonacid reflux in NERD: lessons learned from impedance-pH monitoring in 150 patients off therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:2685-2693. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.02119.x
  74. Bredenoord AJ, Weusten BL, Curvers WL, Timmer R, Smout AJ. Determinants of perception of heartburn and regurgitation. Gut 2006;55:313-318. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2005.074690
  75. Zerbib F, Duriez A, Roman S, Capdepont M, Mion F. Determinants of gastro-oesophageal reflux perception in patients with persistent symptoms despite proton pump inhibitors. Gut 2008;57:156-160. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2007.133470
  76. Harvey RF, Gordon PC, Hadley N, et al. Effects of sleeping with the bed-head raised and of ranitidine in patients with severe peptic oesophagitis. Lancet 1987;2:1200-1203.
  77. Hampel H, Abraham NS, El-Serag HB. Meta-analysis: obesity and the risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications. Ann Intern Med 2005;143:199-211. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-3-200508020-00006
  78. Fraser-Moodie CA, Norton B, Gornall C, et al. Weight loss has an independent beneficial effect on symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux in patients who are overweight. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999;34:337-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/003655299750026326
  79. Kjellin A, Ramel S, Rossner S, Thor K. Gastroesophageal reflux in obese patients is not reduced by weight reduction. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996;31:1047-1051. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365529609036885
  80. Waring JP, Eastwood TF, Austin JM, Sanowski RA. The immediate effects of cessation of cigarette smoking on gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Gastroenterol 1989;84:1076-1078.
  81. van Pinxteren B, Sigterman KE, Bonis P, Lau J, Numans ME. Short-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease-like symptoms and endoscopy negative reflux disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(11):CD002095.
  82. Galmiche JP, Shi G, Simon B, Casset-Semanza F, Slama A. On-demand treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms: a comparison of ranitidine 75 mg with cimetidine 200 mg or placebo. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998;12:909-917. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1998.00384.x
  83. Komazawa Y, Adachi K, Mihara T, et al. Tolerance to famotidine and ranitidine treatment after 14 days of administration in healthy subjects without Helicobacter pylori infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003;18:678-682. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1746.2003.03041.x
  84. Gotthard R, Bodemar G, Brodin U, Jonsson KA. Treatment with cimetidine, antacid, or placebo in patients with dyspepsia of unknown origin. Scand J Gastroenterol 1988;23:7-18.
  85. Richter JE, Kahrilas PJ, Johanson J, et al.; Esomeprazole Study Investigators. Efficacy and safety of esomeprazole compared with omeprazole in GERD patients with erosive esophagitis: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:656-665. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03600.x
  86. Bate CM, Griffin SM, Keeling PW, et al. Reflux symptom relief with omeprazole in patients without unequivocal oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996;10:547-555. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1996.44186000.x
  87. Chiba N, De Gara CJ, Wilkinson JM, Hunt RH. Speed of healing and symptom relief in grade II to IV gastroesophageal reflux disease: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 1997;112:1798-1810. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.1997.v112.pm9178669
  88. Dean BB, Gano AD Jr, Knight K, Ofman JJ, Fass R. Effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors in nonerosive reflux disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2:656-664. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00288-5
  89. Richter JE, Campbell DR, Kahrilas PJ, Huang B, Fludas C. Lansoprazole compared with ranitidine for the treatment of nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1803-1809. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.160.12.1803
  90. Richter JE, Peura D, Benjamin SB, Joelsson B, Whipple J. Efficacy of omeprazole for the treatment of symptomatic acid reflux disease without esophagitis. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1810-1816. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.160.12.1810
  91. DeVault KR, Castell DO; American College of Gastroenterology. Updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:190-200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.41217.x
  92. Savarino V, Di Mario F, Scarpignato C. Proton pump inhibitors in GORD An overview of their pharmacology, efficacy and safety. Pharmacol Res 2009;59:135-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2008.09.016
  93. Peghini PL, Katz PO, Bracy NA, Castell DO. Nocturnal recovery of gastric acid secretion with twice-daily dosing of proton pump inhibitors. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:763-767. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.221_a.x
  94. Mainie I, Tutuian R, Castell DO. Addition of a H2 receptor antagonist to PPI improves acid control and decreases nocturnal acid breakthrough. J Clin Gastroenterol 2008;42:676-679. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0b013e31814a4e5c
  95. Rackoff A, Agrawal A, Hila A, Mainie I, Tutuian R, Castell DO. Histamine-2 receptor antagonists at night improve gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms for patients on proton pump inhibitor therapy. Dis Esophagus 2005;18:370-373. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2050.2005.00518.x
  96. Fackler WK, Ours TM, Vaezi MF, Richter JE. Long-term effect of H2RA therapy on nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough. Gastroenterology 2002;122:625-632. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2002.31876
  97. Vakil N, Guda N, Partington S. The effect of over-the-counter ranitidine 75 mg on night-time heartburn in patients with erosive oesophagitis on daily proton pump inhibitor maintenance therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006;23:649-653. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02796.x
  98. Xue S, Katz PO, Banerjee P, Tutuian R, Castell DO. Bedtime H2 blockers improve nocturnal gastric acid control in GERD patients on proton pump inhibitors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001;15:1351-1356. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01050.x
  99. Wang Y, Pan T, Wang Q, Guo Z. Additional bedtime H2-receptor antagonist for the control of nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;(4):CD004275.
  100. Hetzel DJ, Dent J, Reed WD, et al. Healing and relapse of severe peptic esophagitis after treatment with omeprazole. Gastroenterology 1988;95:903-912. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(88)90162-X
  101. Donnellan C, Sharma N, Preston C, Moayyedi P. Medical treatments for the maintenance therapy of reflux oesophagitis and endoscopic negative reflux disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;(2):CD003245.
  102. Niklasson A, Lindstrom L, Simren M, Lindberg G, Bjornsson E. Dyspeptic symptom development after discontinuation of a proton pump inhibitor: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:1531-1537. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2010.81
  103. Borch K, Renvall H, Liedberg G. Gastric endocrine cell hyperplasia and carcinoid tumors in pernicious anemia. Gastroenterology 1985;88:638-648. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(85)90131-3
  104. Ito T, Jensen RT. Association of long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy with bone fractures and effects on absorption of calcium, vitamin B12, iron, and magnesium. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2010;12:448-457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-010-0141-0
  105. Insogna KL. The effect of proton pump-inhibiting drugs on mineral metabolism. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104(Suppl 2):S2-S4. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2009.44
  106. Sarkar M, Hennessy S, Yang YX. Proton-pump inhibitor use and the risk for community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 2008;149:391-398. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-6-200809160-00005
  107. McCarthy DM. Adverse effects of proton pump inhibitor drugs: clues and conclusions. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2010;26:624-631. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0b013e32833ea9d9
  108. Gerson LB, Robbins AS, Garber A, Hornberger J, Triadafilopoulos G. A cost-effectiveness analysis of prescribing strategies in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:395-407. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.01759.x
  109. Tsai HH, Chapman R, Shepherd A, et al.; COMMAND Study Group. Esomeprazole 20 mg on-demand is more acceptable to patients than continuous lansoprazole 15 mg in the long-term maintenance of endoscopy-negative gastro-oesophageal reflux patients: the COMMAND Study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:657-665. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02155.x
  110. Scholten T, Dekkers CP, Schutze K, Korner T, Bohuschke M, Gatz G. On-demand therapy with pantoprazole 20 mg as effective long-term management of reflux disease in patients with mild GERD: the ORION trial. Digestion 2005;72:76-85. https://doi.org/10.1159/000087661
  111. Lind T, Havelund T, Lundell L, et al. On demand therapy with omeprazole for the long-term management of patients with heartburn without oesophagitis--a placebo-controlled randomized trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13:907-914 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00564.x
  112. Talley NJ, Lauritsen K, Tunturi-Hihnala H, et al. Esomeprazole 20 mg maintains symptom control in endoscopy-negative gastro- oesophageal reflux disease: a controlled trial of 'on-demand' therapy for 6 months. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001;15:347-354. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00943.x
  113. Ponce J, Arguello L, Bastida G, Ponce M, Ortiz V, Garrigues V. On-demand therapy with rabeprazole in nonerosive and erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease in clinical practice: effectiveness, health-related quality of life, and patient satisfaction. Dig Dis Sci 2004;49:931-936. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:DDAS.0000034551.39324.c3
  114. Sjostedt S, Befrits R, Sylvan A, et al. Daily treatment with esomeprazole is superior to that taken on-demand for maintenance of healed erosive oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;22:183-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02553.x
  115. Pace F, Tonini M, Pallotta S, Molteni P, Porro GB. Systematic review: maintenance treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease with proton pump inhibitors taken 'on-demand'. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007;26:195-204.
  116. Chung SJ, Kim SG, Jung HC, Song IS, Kim JS. Clinical practice patterns of gastroenterologists for initial and maintenance therapy in gastroesophageal reflux disease: a nationwide online survey in Korea. Korean J Gastroenterol 2009;54:364-370. https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2009.54.6.364
  117. Kahrilas PJ, Quigley EM. Clinical esophageal pH recording: a technical review for practice guideline development. Gastroenterology 1996;110:1982-1996. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.1996.1101982
  118. Vigneri S, Termini R, Leandro G, et al. A comparison of five maintenance therapies for reflux esophagitis. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1106-1110. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199510263331703
  119. Miyamoto M, Manabe N, Haruma K. Efficacy of the addition of prokinetics for proton pump inhibitor (PPI) resistant non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) patients: significance of frequency scale for the symptom of GERD (FSSG) on decision of treatment strategy. Intern Med 2010;49:1469-1476. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.49.3615
  120. Miyamoto M, Haruma K, Takeuchi K, Kuwabara M. Frequency scale for symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease predicts the need for addition of prokinetics to proton pump inhibitor therapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;23:746-751. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05218.x
  121. Kim YS, Kim TH, Choi CS, et al. Effect of itopride, a new prokinetic, in patients with mild GERD: a pilot study. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:4210-4214. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i27.4210
  122. Futagami S, Iwakiri K, Shindo T, et al. The prokinetic effect of mosapride citrate combined with omeprazole therapy improves clinical symptoms and gastric emptying in PPI-resistant NERD patients with delayed gastric emptying. J Gastroenterol 2010;45:413-421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-009-0173-0
  123. Madan K, Ahuja V, Kashyap PC, Sharma MP. Comparison of efficacy of pantoprazole alone versus pantoprazole plus mosapride in therapy of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a randomized trial. Dis Esophagus 2004;17:274-278. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2050.2004.00424.x
  124. Miwa H, Inoue K, Ashida K, et al.; Japan TREND Study Group. Randomised clinical trial: efficacy of the addition of a prokinetic, mosapride citrate, to omeprazole in the treatment of patients with non-erosive reflux disease - a double-blind, placebo- controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;33:323-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04517.x
  125. Mainie I, Tutuian R, Shay S, et al. Acid and non-acid reflux in patients with persistent symptoms despite acid suppressive therapy: a multicentre study using combined ambulatory impedance-pH monitoring. Gut 2006;55:1398-1402. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2005.087668
  126. Fass R, Shapiro M, Dekel R, Sewell J. Systematic review: proton-pump inhibitor failure in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease--where next? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;22:79-94.
  127. Fass R. Proton pump inhibitor failure--what are the therapeutic options? Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104(Suppl 2):S33-S38. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2009.50
  128. Clouse RE, Lustman PJ, Eckert TC, Ferney DM, Griffith LS. Low-dose trazodone for symptomatic patients with esophageal contraction abnormalities. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology 1987;92:1027-1036. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(87)90979-6
  129. Handa M, Mine K, Yamamoto H, et al. Antidepressant treatment of patients with diffuse esophageal spasm: a psychosomatic approach. J Clin Gastroenterol 1999;28:228-232. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004836-199904000-00008
  130. Nojkov B, Rubenstein JH, Adlis SA, et al. The influence of co-morbid IBS and psychological distress on outcomes and quality of life following PPI therapy in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008;27:473-482. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03596.x
  131. Lundell L, Abrahamsson H, Ruth M, Rydberg L, Lönroth H, Olbe L. Long-term results of a prospective randomized comparison of total fundic wrap (Nissen-Rossetti) or semifundoplication (Toupet) for gastro-oesophageal reflux. Br J Surg 1996;83:830-835. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800830633
  132. Johansson J, Johnsson F, Joelsson B, Floren CH, Walther B. Outcome 5 years after 360 degree fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Br J Surg 1993;80:46-49. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800800118
  133. Dent J, Brun J, Fendrick AM, et al. An evidence-based appraisal of reflux disease management - the genval workshop report. Gut 1998:44;S1-S16.
  134. Spechler SJ, Lee E, Ahnen D, et al. Long-term outcome of medical and surgical therapies for gastroesophageal reflux disease: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001;285:2331-2338. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.18.2331
  135. Catarci M, Gentileschi P, Papi C, et al. Evidence-based appraisal of antireflux fundoplication. Ann Surg 2004;239:325-337. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sla.0000114225.46280.fe
  136. Galmiche JP, Hatlebakk J, Attwood S, et al.; LOTUS Trial Collaborators. Laparoscopic antireflux surgery vs esomeprazole treatment for chronic GERD: the LOTUS randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2011;305:1969-1977. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.626
  137. Wileman SM, McCann S, Grant AM, Krukowski ZH, Bruce J. Medical versus surgical management for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(3):CD003243.
  138. Campos GM, Peters JH, DeMeester TR, et al. Multivariate analysis of factors predicting outcome after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. J Gastrointest Surg 1999;3:292-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1091-255X(99)80071-7
  139. Ip S, Chung M, Moorthy D, et al. Comparative effectiveness of management strategies for gastroesophageal reflux disease: update [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2012 Jan 5]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2011. Available from; http://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/ehc/products/165/781/GERD_ExecSumm.pdf.
  140. Zaninotto G, Attwood SE. Surgical management of refractory gastro-oesophageal reflux. Br J Surg 2010;97:139-140. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.6863
  141. Lundell L, Attwood S, Ell C, et al.; LOTUS Trial Collaborators. Comparing laparoscopic antireflux surgery with esomeprazole in the management of patients with chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a 3-year interim analysis of the LOTUS trial. Gut 2008;57:1207-1213. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2008.148833
  142. Lundell L. Complications after anti-reflux surgery. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2004;18:935-945. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1521-6918(04)00123-4
  143. Dominitz JA, Dire CA, Billingsley KG, Todd-Stenberg JA. Complications and antireflux medication use after antireflux surgery. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;4:299-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2005.12.019
  144. Vakil N, Shaw M, Kirby R. Clinical effectiveness of laparoscopic fundoplication in a U.S. community. Am J Med 2003;114:1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01390-6
  145. Lee SK, Kim EK. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in Korean patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Yonsei Med J 2009;50:89-94. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2009.50.1.89
  146. Arguedas MR, Heudebert GR, Klapow JC, et al.; VA Cooperative Study Group. Re-examination of the cost-effectiveness of surgical versus medical therapy in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: the value of long-term data collection. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:1023-1028. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.30891.x
  147. Comay D, Adam V, da Silveira EB, Kennedy W, Mayrand S, Barkun AN. The Stretta procedure versus proton pump inhibitors and laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Can J Gastroenterol 2008;22:552-558. https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/765458
  148. El-Serag HB, Lee P, Buchner A, Inadomi JM, Gavin M, McCarthy DM. Lansoprazole treatment of patients with chronic idiopathic laryngitis: a placebo-controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:979-983. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03681.x
  149. Sontag SJ, O'Connell S, Khandelwal S, et al. Asthmatics with gastroesophageal reflux: long term results of a randomized trial of medical and surgical antireflux therapies. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:987-999.
  150. Noordzij JP, Khidr A, Evans BA, et al. Evaluation of omeprazole in the treatment of reflux laryngitis: a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study. Laryngoscope 2001;111:2147-2151. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200112000-00013
  151. Eherer AJ, Habermann W, Hammer HF, Kiesler K, Friedrich G, Krejs GJ. Effect of pantoprazole on the course of reflux-associated laryngitis: a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2003;38:462-467. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365520310001860
  152. Garrigues V, Gisbert L, Bastida G, et al. Manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux and response to omeprazole therapy in patients with chronic posterior laryngitis: an evaluation based on clinical practice. Dig Dis Sci 2003;48:2117-2123. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:DDAS.0000004513.27054.d0
  153. Vaezi MF, Richter JE, Stasney CR, et al. Treatment of chronic posterior laryngitis with esomeprazole. Laryngoscope 2006;116:254-260. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mlg.0000192173.00498.ba
  154. Chang AB, Lasserson TJ, Kiljander TO, Connor FL, Gaffney JT, Garske LA. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of gastro-oesophageal reflux interventions for chronic cough associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux. BMJ 2006;332:11-17. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38677.559005.55
  155. Qadeer MA, Phillips CO, Lopez AR, et al. Proton pump inhibitor therapy for suspected GERD-related chronic laryngitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:2646-2654. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00844.x
  156. Park W, Hicks DM, Khandwala F, et al. Laryngopharyngeal reflux: prospective cohort study evaluating optimal dose of proton-pump inhibitor therapy and pretherapy predictors of response. Laryngoscope 2005;115:1230-1238. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.MLG.0000163746.81766.45
  157. Charbel S, Khandwala F, Vaezi MF. The role of esophageal pH monitoring in symptomatic patients on PPI therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:283-289. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.41210.x
  158. Mittal RK, Holloway R, Dent J. Effect of atropine on the frequency of reflux and transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in normal subjects. Gastroenterology 1995;109:1547-1554. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(95)90643-6
  159. Lidums I, Lehmann A, Checklin H, Dent J, Holloway RH. Control of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and reflux by the GABA(B) agonist baclofen in normal subjects. Gastroenterology 2000;118:7-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(00)70408-2
  160. Hirsch DP, Tytgat GN, Boeckxstaens GE. Is glutamate involved in transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations? Dig Dis Sci 2002;47:661-666. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017996909671
  161. Frisby CL, Mattsson JP, Jensen JM, Lehmann A, Dent J, Blackshaw LA. Inhibition of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and gastroesophageal reflux by metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands. Gastroenterology 2005;129:995-1004. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2005.06.069
  162. Scarpellini E, Blondeau K, Boecxstaens V, et al. Effect of rimonabant on oesophageal motor function in man. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;33:730-737. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04576.x
  163. Boeckxstaens GE, Rydholm H, Lei A, Adler J, Ruth M. Effect of lesogaberan, a novel GABA(B)-receptor agonist, on transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations in male subjects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;31:1208-1217. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04283.x
  164. Boeckxstaens GE, Beaumont H, Mertens V, et al. Effects of lesogaberan on reflux and lower esophageal sphincter function in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology 2010;139:409-417. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2010.04.051
  165. Vela MF, Tutuian R, Katz PO, Castell DO. Baclofen decreases acid and non-acid post-prandial gastro-oesophageal reflux measured by combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17:243-251. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01394.x
  166. Zhang Q, Lehmann A, Rigda R, Dent J, Holloway RH. Control of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations and reflux by the GABA(B) agonist baclofen in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Gut 2002;50:19-24. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.50.1.19
  167. Tytgat GN. Clinical efficacy of sucralfate in reflux esophagitis. Comparison with cimetidine. Am J Med 1987;83:38-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(87)90825-4
  168. Katada K, Yoshida N, Isozaki Y, et al. Prevention by rebamipide of acute reflux esophagitis in rats. Dig Dis Sci 2005;50(Suppl 1):S97-S103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-005-2813-4
  169. Yoshida N, Kamada K, Tomatsuri N, et al. Management of recurrence of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease: synergistic effect of rebamipide with 15 mg lansoprazole. Dig Dis Sci 2010;55:3393-3398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-010-1166-9
  170. Adachi K, Furuta K, Miwa H, et al. A study on the efficacy of rebamipide for patients with proton pump inhibitor-refractory non-erosive reflux disease. Dig Dis Sci 2012;57:1609-1617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-012-2087-6

Cited by

  1. Surgical Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease vol.61, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2013.61.3.177
  2. Proton Pump Inhibitor for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Intelligent Prescription vol.84, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2013.84.2.186
  3. Can Acid Pocket-targeting Alginate-antacid (Gaviscon Double Action) Relieve Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease? vol.63, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2014.63.6.386
  4. Physicians' Opinion on Asymptomatic Reflux Esophagitis and Short Segment Barrett's Esophagus vol.14, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2014.14.2.91
  5. Current Issues on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease vol.64, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2014.64.3.127
  6. Underlying Mechanisms and Management of Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease vol.66, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2015.66.2.70
  7. CAJ 검색을 통해 살펴 본 중국에서의 역류성 식도질환 침구치료 임상연구 동향에 대한 고찰 vol.32, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.14406/acu.2015.001
  8. The ‘Adapted ADAPTE’: an approach to improve utilization of the ADAPTE guideline adaptation resource toolkit in the Alexandria Center for Evidence‐Based Clinical Practice Guidelines vol.21, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.12479
  9. Clinical Improvement of Severe Reflux Esophagitis in Korea: Follow-up Observation by Endoscopy vol.15, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2015.15.4.231
  10. Antireflux Surgery in Korea: A Nationwide Study from 2011 to 2014 vol.10, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl15406
  11. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Functional Constipation in Korea, 2015 Revised Edition vol.22, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm15185
  12. Electroacupuncture to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial vol.17, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-016-1371-8
  13. Extraesophageal Manifestations of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease vol.91, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2016.91.3.257
  14. A Double-blind, Randomized, Multicenter Clinical Trial Investigating the Efficacy and Safety of Esomeprazole Single Therapy Versus Mosapride and Esomeprazole Combined Therapy in Patients with Esophage vol.23, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm16100
  15. 오적산합생맥산(五積散合生脈散)으로 호전된 위식도 역류에 의한 만성기침 환자 3례 vol.38, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.22246/jikm.2017.38.4.520
  16. 한의 복합치료로 호전된 불응성 위식도역류질환 (PPI-refractory GERD) 환자 1례 - 복진소견 평가를 중심으로 - vol.38, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.22246/jikm.2017.38.5.727
  17. 이진탕가미방(二陳湯加味方)을 투여한 불응성 위식도역류질환의 증례군 연구 vol.38, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.22246/jikm.2017.38.6.1085
  18. 위식도 역류 실시간 모니터링 마이크로 와이어 pH 전극 개발 vol.38, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.9718/jber.2017.38.6.277
  19. 간비불화증(肝脾不和證)으로 변증된 체중감소 환자 치험례 vol.29, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7231/jon.2018.29.1.047
  20. 역류성 식도염 생쥐 모델에서 해표초, 와릉자, 모려와 Esomeprazole의 치료효과에 대한 비교 연구 vol.39, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.18018
  21. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease vol.73, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2019.73.2.70
  22. Usefulness of the Korean Version of the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire for the Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Using Validation Study vol.74, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2019.74.3.187
  23. Validation of the Korean Version of the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire for the Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease vol.25, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm18133
  24. 오수유(吳茱萸) 추출물이 만성 역류성 식도염 흰쥐에 미치는 효능 평가 vol.34, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.6116/kjh.2019.34.2.15
  25. 인후부 이물감 호소에 따른 위식도역류질환 환자의 임상적 특징 비교 vol.40, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.22246/jikm.2019.40.3.287
  26. The importance of pH reflux monitoring test for the management of low‐grade esophagitis in Chinese patients vol.31, pp.9, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13653
  27. The Clinical Efficacy of a Pure Alginate Formulation (Lamina G) for Controlling Symptoms in Individuals with Reflux Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Study vol.13, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl18378
  28. 가슴쓰림 환자 30례에 대한 소건중탕 과립제의 임상적 고찰 vol.40, pp.6, 2019, https://doi.org/10.22246/jikm.2019.40.6.1193
  29. Consumption of medicines used for gastric acid-related disorders in Australia and South Korea: a cross-country comparison vol.76, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-019-02798-8
  30. Anti-reflux Surgery Versus Proton Pump Inhibitors for Severe Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Cost-Effectiveness Study in Korea vol.26, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm19188
  31. 만성 역류성 식도염 동물 모델에 대한 황백(黃柏) 물 추출물의 식도 점막 보호 효과 vol.35, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.6116/kjh.2020.35.4.25.
  32. 위식도역류질환의 한약 치료에 대한 최신 임상 연구 동향 - 반하(半夏)를 중심으로 - vol.41, pp.6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.22246/jikm.2020.41.6.1119
  33. 기능성 위장관 질환의 한의학적 치료 연구전략 수립을 위한 연구 동향 분석 vol.29, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.14374/hfs.2021.29.1.57
  34. Normal acid exposure time in esophageal pH monitoring in Asian and Western populations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis vol.33, pp.4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14029
  35. 2020 Seoul Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease vol.27, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm21077
  36. 2020 Seoul Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease vol.27, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm21077