Korean Journal of Ornithology (한국조류학회지)

The Ornithological Society of Korea (한국조류학회(鳥類))
권호 표지

Population Trends of Wintering Ducks in Korea

한국에서 월동하는 오리류의 개체군 경향

  • Published : 2012.09.30
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Abstract

We analyzed population trends of 16 duck species wintering in Korea during 14 years (1999-2012) using data from Winter Bird Census which were conducted annually by the Ministry of Environment. During the 14 years, nine species (Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, Spot-billed Duck A. poecilorhyncha, Northern Pintail A. acuta, Eurasian Teal A. crecca, Eurasian Wigeon A. penelope, Gadwall A. strepera, Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata, Common Pochard Aythya ferina, Smew Mergellus albellus) showed significant long-term declines, whereas six species (Falcated Duck Anas falcata, Northern Shoveler A. clypeata, Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula, Goldeneye Bucephala clangula, Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator, Common Merganser M. merganser) showed long-term increases. Greater Scaup (Aythya marila) showed uncertain trends. Most species that showed population declines were characterized as dabbling ducks, which were herbivorous and highly dependent on rice fields. Most of species that showed long-term population increases were characterized as diving ducks, which were omnivorous or carnivorous feeding mainly animal matters and rarely used rice fields. The annual change of each species were differed by habitat types. Mallard, Spot-billed Duck, Northern Pintail, Eurasian Teal, and Eurasian Wigeon had a sharp decline in reclaimed lakes. Gadwall showed a considerable decline in estuarine and riverine habitat, and Mandarin Duck exhibited a sharp decline in coastal habitat. Falcated Duck showed a marked increase in estuaries and rivers, and Northern Shoveler increased significantly in reservoirs and rivers. Common Pochard showed a significant decline in riverine and coastal habitat, while Smew showed a decline in reclaimed lake. Tufted Duck exhibited large increases in rivers and reservoirs, and Goldeneye showed marked increases in reclaimed lakes and estuaries. Red-breasted Merganser and Common Merganser increased in coastal and estuarine habitat, and Common Merganser also increased in rivers.

겨울철 조류 동시 센서스 자료(1999년-2012년)를 이용하여 한국에서 월동하는 오리류 16종의 개체군 경향을 분석하였다. 지난 14년간 청둥오리(Anas platyrhynchos), 흰뺨검둥오리(A. poecilorhyncha), 고방오리(A. acuta), 쇠오리(A. crecca), 홍머리오리(A. penelope), 알락오리(A. strepera), 원앙(Aix galericulata), 흰죽지(Aythya ferina), 흰비오리(Mergellus albellus) 9종은 개체군 감소경향을 나타냈다. 반면 청머리오리(A. falcata), 넓적부리(A. clypeata), 댕기흰죽지(A. fuligula), 흰뺨오리(Bucephala clangula), 바다비오리(Mergus serrator), 비오리(M. merganser) 6종은 증가경향으로 평가되었으며, 검은머리흰죽지(A. marila)는 불확실한 경향을 나타냈다. 감소경향을 보인 종의 대부분이 수면성 오리류로 이들은 초식성으로 농경지 의존이 매우 높았다. 반면, 증가경향을 보인 종들의 대부분이 잠수성오리류로 농경지 보다는 하천, 하구, 해안 지역을 선호하는 종이었다. 각 종의 개체군 증가 및 감소경향은 서식지유형에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 개체군 감소경향이 가장 큰 청둥오리를 비롯하여, 흰뺨검둥오리, 고방오리, 쇠오리, 홍머리오리는 간척지호수에서 현저한 감소경향을 보였다. 알락오리는 하구역과 하천에서 주로 감소하였으며, 원앙은 해안지역의 개체군 감소가 뚜렷하였다. 한편 개체군 증가경향을 보인 청머리오리는 주로 하구역과 하천에서 증가하였고, 넓적부리는 저수지와 하천지역에서 증가하였다. 잠수성오리류 중에서 감소경향을 보인 흰죽지는 하천과 해안지역에서 감소가 가장 심하였으며, 흰비오리는 간척지호수에서 감소경향이 컸다. 반면 개체군이 증가한 것으로 평가된 댕기흰죽지는 하천과 저수지에서, 흰뺨오리는 간척지호수와 하구역에서 각각 증가하였다. 바다비오리와 비오리는 두 종 모두 해안과 하구역에서 증가경향이 있었으며, 비오리의 경우 하천지역에서도 증가경향이 나타났다.

Keywords

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