Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Medium-chain Triglyceride (MCT) on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Characteristics in Weanling Pigs

  • Hong, S.M. (Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University) ;
  • Hwang, J.H. (Woosung Feed Cormpany, Ltd.) ;
  • Kim, I.H. (Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University)
  • Received : 2011.11.02
  • Accepted : 2012.02.06
  • Published : 2012.07.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

One hundred and twenty weanling pigs in experiment 1 (Exp. 1) ($6.91{\pm}0.99kg$; 21 d of age) and Exp. 2 ($10.20{\pm}1.09kg$; 28 d of age) were used in two 42-d and 35-d experiments to evaluate the effect of medium-chain-triglyceride (MCT) on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and blood profile. In both of Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, the same dietary treatments were utilized as follows : i) negative control (NC), ii) positive control (PC), NC+antibiotics (40 mg/kg Tiamulin, 110 mg/kg Tylosin, and 10 mg/kg Enramycin, iii) MCT3, NC+0.32% (phase 1, 2 and 3) MCT, and iv) MCT5, NC+0.55% (phase 1), 0.32% (phase 2 and 3) MCT. In Exp. 1, the pigs fed MCT5 diets had higher (p<0.05) ADG compared to NC treatment during the first 2 wk. From d 15 to 28, the ATTD of energy was improved (p<0.05) by MCT3 compared to the PC treatment. No effect has been observed on the blood profiles [red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), immunoglobulin-G (IgG), lymphocyte concentration] measured in this study. In Exp. 2, the ADG were increased (p<0.05) by the MCT5 treatment than the PC treatment from d 0 to 14. Pigs fed PC treatment diet had lower ADFI (p<0.05) and better FCR (p<0.05) than NC treatment, whereas no differences were shown between MCT treatments and NC or PC treatment from d 15 to 35 and overall phase. The ATTD of DM and nitrogen were improved (p<0.05) by the effect of MCT5 related to the NC and PC treatment at the end of 2nd and 5th wk. The pigs fed MCT3 had higher (p<0.05) energy digestibility than PC treatment. No effects were seen in the blood profiles we measured (WBC, RBC, lymphocyte and immunoglobulin-G). In conclusion, the addition of MCT in the weanling pigs diet can improve the ADG and digestibility during the earlier period (first 2 wks), but had little effect on the blood characteristics.

Keywords

References

  1. AOAC. 2000. Official methods of analysis. 17th ed. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., Gaithersburg, MD.
  2. Babayan, V. K. 1987. Medium-chain triglycerides and structured lipids. Lipids 22:417-420. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02537271
  3. Blum, S., D. Haller, A. Pfeifer and E. J. Schiffrin. 2002. Probiotics and immune responses. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. 22:287-309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-002-0013-y
  4. Cera, K., D. Mahan and G. Reinhart. 1989. Postweaning swine performance and serum profile responses to supplemental medium-chain free fatty acids and tallow. J. Anim. Sci. 67:2048-2055.
  5. Chi, F. and A. J. Lepine. 1993. Effect of dietary lipid on growth performance and fatty acid binding protein activity in the liver and small intestine of the weanling pig. J. Anim. Sci. 71:178.
  6. Dierick, N. A., J. A. Decuypere and I. Degeyter. 2002. The combined use of whole Cuphea seeds containing medium chain fatty acids and an exogenous lipase in piglet nutrition. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 57:49-63.
  7. Fakler, T. M., C. M. Adams and C. V. Maxwell. 1993. Effect of dietary fat source on performance and fatty acid absorption in the early-weaned pig. J. Anim. Sci. 71:174.
  8. Gatlin, L. A., J. Odle, J. Soede and J. A. Hansen. 2004. Dietary medium- or long-chain triglycerides improve body condition of lean- genotype sows and increase suckling pig growth. J. Anim. Sci. 80:38-44.
  9. Isaacs, C. E., R. E. Litov and H. Thormar. 1995. Antimicrobial activity of lipids added to human milk, infant formula, and bovine milk. J. Nutr. Biochem. 6:362-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/0955-2863(95)80003-U
  10. Konturek, P. C., T. Brzozowski and R. Pajdo. 2004. Ghrelin - a new gastroprotective factor in gastric mucosa. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 55:325-336.
  11. Lee, H. F. and S. H. Chiang. 1994. Energy value of medium-chain triglycerides and their efficacy in improving survival of neonatal pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 72:133-138.
  12. Michael de, V. and P. R. Marteau. 2007. Probiotics and prebiotics: effects on diarrhea. J. Nutr. 137:803-811.
  13. NRC. 1998. Nutrient requirements of swine. 10th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC, USA.
  14. Nishi, Y., H. Hiejima, H. Hosoda, H. Kaiya, K. Mori, Y. Fukue, T. Yanase, H. Nawata, K. Kangawa and M. Kojima. 2005. Ingested medium-chain fatty acids are directly utilized for the acyl modification of ghrelin. Endocrinology 146:2255-2264. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2004-0695
  15. Odle, J. 1998. Medium-chain triglycerides: a unique energy source for neonatal pigs. Pig News Info. 20:25N-32N.
  16. Odle, J., N. J. Benevenga and T. D. Crenshaw. 1989. Utilization of medium-chain triacylglycerols by neonatal piglets. 2. Effects of even-and odd-chain triglyceride consumption over the first 2 days of life on blood metabolites and urinary nitrogen excretion. J. Anim. Sci. 67:3340-3351.
  17. Odle, J., N. J. Benevenga and T. D. Crenshaw. 1991. Postnatal age and the metabolism of medium- and long-chain fatty acids by isolated hepatocytes from small-for-gestational-age and appropriate-for-gestational-age piglets. J. Nutr. 121:615-621.
  18. Partanen, K. and Z. Mroz. 1999. Organic acids for performance enhancement in pig diets. Nutr. Res. Rev. 12:117-145. https://doi.org/10.1079/095442299108728884
  19. Rodas, B. D. and C. V. Maxwell. 1992. The effect of fat source and medium-chain triglyceride level on performance of the early-weaned pig. Pig News Info.13:273.
  20. Roth, F. X. and M. Kirchgessner. 1998. Organic acids as feed additives for young pigs: Nutritional and gastrointestinal effects. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 7:25-33.
  21. Salfen, B. E., J. A. Carroll, D. H. Keisler and T. A. Strauch. 2004. Effects of exogenous ghrelin on feed intake, weight gain, behavior, and endocrine responses in weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 82:1957-1966.
  22. SAS Institute. 2001. SAS user's guide. Version 8 ed.SAS Inst. Inc., Cary NC.
  23. Skrivanova, E., M. Marounek, V. Benda and P. Brezinia. 2006. Susceptibility of escherichia coli, salmonella sp. and clostridium perfringens to organic acids and monolaurin. Vet. Med-Czech. 51:81-88.
  24. Williams, C. H., D. J. David and O. Iismaa. 1962. The determination of chromic oxide in faeces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometery. J. Agric. Sci. 59:381-385 https://doi.org/10.1017/S002185960001546X

Cited by

  1. Medium-chain TAG attenuate hepatic oxidative damage in intra-uterine growth-retarded weanling piglets by improving the metabolic efficiency of the glutathione redox cycle vol.112, pp.06, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711451400155X
  2. Medium-chain triglyceride as an alternative of in-feed colistin sulfate to improve growth performance and intestinal microbial environment in newly weaned pigs vol.86, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12248
  3. Medium-chain TAG improve energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in the liver of intra-uterine growth-retarded and normal-birth-weight weanling piglets vol.115, pp.09, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516000404
  4. Alternatives to antibiotics as growth promoters for use in swine production: a review vol.4, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-1891-4-35
  5. Effect of different phase levels of medium chain triglycerides on the growth performance, excreta microflora and blood profiles of broilers vol.45, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7744/kjoas.20180004
  6. The Effect of Combined Feed Additives on Growing Pigs’ Performance and Digestive Tract Parameters vol.19, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2019-0030
  7. Effect of dietary supplemental medium chain fatty acids instead of antibiotics on the growth performance, digestibility and blood profiles in growing pigs vol.103, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13175
  8. Effects of medium-chain fatty acids as alternatives to ZnO or antibiotics in nursery pig diets vol.4, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaa151
  9. High Dietary Intervention of Lauric Triglyceride Might be Harmful to Its Improvement of Cholesterol Metabolism in Obese Rats vol.69, pp.15, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00745
  10. The Impact of Weaning Stress on Gut Health and the Mechanistic Aspects of Several Feed Additives Contributing to Improved Gut Health Function in Weanling Piglets-A Review vol.11, pp.8, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082418
  11. Maximum levels of cross‐contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non‐target feed. Part 6: Macrolides: tilmicosin, tylosin and tylvalosin vol.19, pp.10, 2012, https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6858
  12. Maximum levels of cross‐contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non‐target feed. Part 8: Pleuromutilins: tiamulin and valnemulin vol.19, pp.10, 2012, https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6860