DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Food Habits of the Otter, Lutra lutra, and Effects of Construction of the Busan New Port on its Prey

수달의 식이 습성 및 부산 신항 공사가 수달 먹이에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

  • 최준우 (경성대학교 이과대학 생물학과) ;
  • 윤명희 (경성대학교 이과대학 생물학과)
  • Received : 2012.01.30
  • Accepted : 2012.03.27
  • Published : 2012.06.30

Abstract

The aim of the study is to investigate the food habits of the Eurasian otter, Lutra lutra, and to examine any effects of the construction of the Busan New Port (BNP) on the prey. The frequencies and bulk estimate ratios of the biological debris, taken from spraints collected seasonally during the period from 2005 to 2011 at 16 areas, were analyzed. As the results, it was demonstrated that otters prey mainly on fish but occasionally on crustaceans and gastropods, etc., and the Mugiliformes was the most preferred fish. Although fish debris was observed throughout the season, it was suggested that the amount of fish eaten by the otter seemed to be associated with the amount of fish inhabiting the study area, judging from the striking similarities in the pattern of seasonal variations in each order of the fish between the frequency from the spraints and the fish catch. On the other hand, the frequencies of most of the fish, crustaceans, and gastropods from the spraints decreased from 2010, indicating the decrease of the amount of the prey by the construction of BNP and the strong possibility of the decrease in the number of otters in the near future. This is supported by the other studies, such as one showing a sudden decrease in the number of spraints since 2010, recent decrease in the fish catch, and the increase of marine pollution at this study area.

본 연구에서는 부산 신항 공사 지역 주변 해역의 총 16개 지역에서 2005년부터 2011년까지 분기별로 매년 4회씩 수달의 배설물을 수집하여 배설물 내 생물 잔해 즉 먹이의 종류를 알아보고, 신항 개발이 수달의 섭식 변화에 미치는 영향에 대해서 조사하였다. 그 결과, 수달은 주로 어류를 섭취하지만 갑각류와 복족류 등도 소수 섭취하는 것이 밝혀졌고, 숭어목이 수달의 주 먹이임이 밝혀졌다. 한편 어류는 모든 계절에 출현했지만 대부분의 어목의 출현 빈도와 어획량이 계절별로 매우 유사한 점으로부터, 수달이 섭취하는 어류의 양은 이 지역에 서식하는 어류의 양과 매우 밀접한 관련이 있음이 시사되었다. 한편 배설물에 출현한 대부분의 어류, 갑각류 및 복족류의 출현 빈도가 2010년 이후에 감소했는데, 이는 공사에 의해서 수달의 먹이가 감소했고, 가까운 장래에 수달의 개체 수가 감소할 수 있음을 시사한다. 이러한 추론은 2010년 이후 수달의 배설물 수가 감소했고, 최근에 이 지역의 어획량이 급감했고, 수질 오염도 증가했다는 연구들로부터 뒷받침된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ando, M. 1995. Comparison of river otter habitat deterioration between Japan and Korea. Proceedings of Korea-Japan otter Symposium. March 30-31. Kochi, Japan.
  2. Ando, M., Son, S. W. and Shiraishi, S. 1985. The common otter, Lutra lutra, in Southern Korea. Sci. Bull. Fac. Agr., Kyushu Univ. 40, 1-5.
  3. Beja, P. R. 1991. Diet of otters (Lutra lutra) in closely associated freshwater, brackish and marine habitats in south-west Portugal. J. Zool. Lond. 225, 11-152.
  4. Busan Regional Maritime Affairs & Port Office, Busan New Port Co., Ltd. and Busan Port Authority. 2006. Soil, pp. 49-57, In A report on the environment investigation after the Busan New Port development work. Busan Regional Maritime Affairs & Port Office, Busan New Port Co., Ltd. and Busan Port Authority, Busan, Korea.
  5. Busan Regional Maritime Affairs & Port Office, Busan New Port Co., Ltd. and Busan Port Authority. 2007. Soil, pp. 310-317, In A report on the environment investigation after the Busan New Port development work. Busan Regional Maritime Affairs & Port Office, Busan New Port Co., Ltd. and Busan Port Authority, Busan, Korea.
  6. Busan Regional Maritime Affairs & Port Office, Busan New Port Co., Ltd. and Busan Port Authority. 2008. Soil, pp. 325-332, In A report on the environment investigation after the Busan New Port development work. Busan Regional Maritime Affairs & Port Office, Busan New Port Co., Ltd. and Busan Port Authority, Busan, Korea.
  7. Busan Regional Maritime Affairs & Port Office, Busan New Port Co., Ltd. and Busan Port Authority. 2009. Soil, pp. 339-346, In A report on the environment investigation after the Busan New Port development work. Busan Regional Maritime Affairs & Port Office, Busan New Port Co., Ltd. and Busan Port Authority, Busan, Korea.
  8. Busan Regional Maritime Affairs & Port Office, Busan New Port Co., Ltd. and Busan Port Authority. 2010. Soil, pp. 292-299, In A report on the environment investigation after the Busan New Port development work. Busan Regional Maritime Affairs & Port Office, Busan New Port Co., Ltd. and Busan Port Authority, Busan, Korea.
  9. Busan Regional Maritime Affairs & Port Office, Busan New Port Co., Ltd. and Busan Port Authority. 2011. A report on the environment investigation after the Busan New Port development work. Busan Regional Maritime Affairs & Port Office, Busan New Port Co., Ltd. and Busan Port Authority, Busan, Korea.
  10. Cha, H. G. 2001. An Illustrated Guide to Korean Crustacean. pp. 79-515, Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, National Fisheries Research & Development Agency, Seoul, Korea.
  11. Cha, S. M., Han, S. Y. and Son, S. W. 2004. Food habits of Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in Seomjin river and Namhae costal area in Korea. Kor. J. Mamm. 1, 1-14.
  12. Conroy, J. W. H., Watt, J., Webb, J. B. and Jones, A. 1993. A guide to the identification of prey remains in otter spraint. Mamm. Soc. Lond. 16, 1-50.
  13. Erlinge, S. 1968. Food studies on captive otter (Lutra lutra L.). Oikos 19, 259-270. https://doi.org/10.2307/3565013
  14. Freitas, D., Gomes, J., Luis, T. S., Madruga, L., Marques, C., Baptista, G., Rosalino, L. M., Antunes, P., Santos, R. and Reis, M. S. 2007. Otters and fish farms in the Sado estuary: ecological and socio-economic basis of a conflict. Hydrobiologia 587, 51-62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-0693-7
  15. Han, C. W. 2011. Change in the distribution of otter (Lutra lutra) in the constructional areas at the Busan New port (2003-2010). The 66th Annual Meeting of the Korean Association of Biological Sciences. August 8-18. Chuncheon, Korea.
  16. Heggberget, T. M. and Christensen, H. 1994. Reproductive timing in Eurasian otters on the coast of Norway. Ecography 17, 339-328. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1994.tb00111.x
  17. Jacobsen, L. and Hansen, H. M. 1996. Analysis of otter (Lutra lutra) spraints; Part 1: Comparison of methods to estimate prey proportions; Part 2: Estimation of the size of prey fish. J. Zool. Lond. 238, 167-180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05387.x
  18. Jeon, S. R. 2004. Marine organism encyclopedia. pp. 24-175, Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute, Iansan, Korea.
  19. Kruuk, H. and Moorhouse, A. 1990. Seasonal and spatial differences in food selection by otter (Lutra lutra) in Shetland. J. Zool. Lond. 224, 41-57.
  20. Mason, C. F. 1989. Water pollution and otter distribution: a review. Lutra. 32, 97-131.
  21. Mason, C. F. and Macdonald, S. M. 1986. Otters: conservation and ecology. pp. 1-236, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  22. Mason, C. F. and Macdonald, S. M. 1987. The use of spraints for surveying otter Lutra lutra populations: An evaluation. Biol. Conserv. 41, 167-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(87)90100-5
  23. Melquist, W. E. and Hornocker, M. G. 1983. Ecology of river otters in west central Idaho. Wildl. Monogr. 83, 1-60.
  24. Nam, T. W. 2004. Winter Season Food Habits and Habitat Management of Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra) in Hwacheon-gun. Master's Thesis, University of Kyungnam, Changwon, Korea.
  25. Nelson, J. S. 1994. Fishes of the World. pp. 1-600, John Wiley & Son (Inc), Alberta, Canada.
  26. Nolet, B. A., Wansink D. E. H. and Kruuk, H. 1993. Diving of otters (Lutra lutra) in a marine habitat: use of depth by a single-prey loader. J. Anim. Ecol. 62, 22-32. https://doi.org/10.2307/5479
  27. Sasaki, H. 1995. History of river otter in Japan. Proceedings of Korea-Japan Otter Symposium. March 30-31, Kochi, Japan.
  28. Statistics Korea, http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/index.action.
  29. The Korean Society of Systematic Zoology, 2003. Animal Taxonomy. pp. 117-427, Jiphyeonsa. Seoul, Korea.
  30. Uichang National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives. 2005. The monthly catch of fish of 2005. Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea.
  31. Uichang National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives. 2006. The monthly catch of fish of 2006. Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea.
  32. Uichang National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives. 2007. The monthly catch of fish of 2007. Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea.
  33. Uichang National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives. 2008. The monthly catch of fish of 2008. Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea.
  34. Uichang National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives. 2009. The monthly catch of fish of 2009. Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea.
  35. Uichang National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives. 2010. The monthly catch of fish of 2010. Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea.
  36. Yoon, M. H. 2003. Changes in distribution of otter, Lutra lutra, with the development of the Busan new port. Institute of Basic Science, Kyungsung University 15, 193-205.

Cited by

  1. Species Distribution Modeling of Endangered Mammals for Ecosystem Services Valuation - Focused on National Ecosystem Survey Data - vol.17, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.13087/kosert.2014.17.1.111