Korean Journal of Plant Resources (한국자원식물학회지)

The Plant Resources Society of Korea (한국자원식물학회)
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Changes of Ginsenosides and Physiochemical Properties in Ginseng by New 9 Repetitive Steaming and Drying Process

새로운 자동 구증구포방법에 의한 인삼사포닌의 변환 및 이화학적 특성

  • Jin, Yan (Korean Ginseng Center for Most Valuable Product, and Ginseng Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Yeon-Ju (Korean Ginseng Center for Most Valuable Product, and Ginseng Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Jeon, Ji-Na (Korean Ginseng Center for Most Valuable Product, and Ginseng Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Wang, Chao (Korean Ginseng Center for Most Valuable Product, and Ginseng Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Min, Jin-Woo (Korean Ginseng Center for Most Valuable Product, and Ginseng Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Jung, Sun-Young (Korean Ginseng Center for Most Valuable Product, and Ginseng Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Yang, Deok-Chun (Korean Ginseng Center for Most Valuable Product, and Ginseng Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University)
  • 김염 (경희대학교 고려인삼명품화사업단 및 인삼유전자원소재은행) ;
  • 김연주 (경희대학교 고려인삼명품화사업단 및 인삼유전자원소재은행) ;
  • 전지나 (경희대학교 고려인삼명품화사업단 및 인삼유전자원소재은행) ;
  • 왕초 (경희대학교 고려인삼명품화사업단 및 인삼유전자원소재은행) ;
  • 민진우 (경희대학교 고려인삼명품화사업단 및 인삼유전자원소재은행) ;
  • 정선영 (경희대학교 고려인삼명품화사업단 및 인삼유전자원소재은행) ;
  • 양덕춘 (경희대학교 고려인삼명품화사업단 및 인삼유전자원소재은행)
  • Received : 2012.07.17
  • Accepted : 2012.08.21
  • Published : 2012.08.29
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Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the contents of ginsenosides and physiochemical properties of Panax ginseng after 9 times steaming and drying treatment by using the new auto steamer which is more fast and simple than previous report. In the process of steaming and drying, the content of six major ginsenosides such as Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd were gradually decreased. On the other hand, the content of seven minor ginsenosides includes Rh1, 20(S)-Rg2, 20(R)-Rg2, 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, Rk1 and Rg5 were gradually increased. We observed the protopanxadiol ginsenosides such as Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd were converted into 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, Rk1 and Rg5; similarly protopanxatriol ginsenosides of Rg1 and Re were converted into Rh1, 20(S)-Rg2 and 20(R)-Rg2. Based on the result of fresh ginseng, the contents of reducing sugar, acidic polysaccharide and total phenolic compounds were gradually increased and reached to maximum at 7 times repetitive steaming process of the fresh ginseng. Whereas DPPH radical scavenging activities were gradually decreased to 68% at 7 times steaming. New auto 9 repetitive steaming and drying process has similar production with original methods, but content of benzo(a)pyrene were not almost detected comparatively taking less time. The present results suggested that this method is best for the development of value-added ginseng industry related products.

구증구포방법은 기존의 홍삼제조방법에서와 같이 9회 반복 과정으로 새로운 신규사포닌 등 성분변화가 일어나지만 시간이 오래 걸리고 복잡하며 어떤 특수 성분이 얼마나 증가 되는지 보고 되어 있지 않다. 또한 기존의 구증구포방법은 제조공정 중 건조시 보통 $60^{\circ}C$에서 열풍건조를 하기 때문에 건조시 관리의 부족으로 간혹 벤조피렌에 노출되는 경우가 있다. 본 방법은 새로운 자동 구증구포방법으로 제조시간이 약 2배정도 단축되며 특히 건조시 습열냉각건조를 통하기 때문에 벤조피렌함량이 거의 검출되지 않았다. 또한 사포닌 변환 등은 기존 구증구포방법과 같이 사포닌 변화가 일어나 홍삼에서만 나타나는 Rg3와 기타 효능활성물질 등이 분석되었다. 인삼사포닌의 경우에는 증포횟수가 증가함에 따라 흡수가 어려운 major ginsenoside(Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2 및 Rd)의 함량이 점차적으로 감소되고 대신 흡수가 빠르고 항암활성이 강한 minor ginsenoside (Rh1, 20(S)-Rg2, 20(R)-Rg2, 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, Rk1 및 Rg5)의 함량이 점차적으로 증가하였다. 특히 diol계 사포닌인 ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc 및 Rd는 Rg3, Rk1 및 Rg5로 전환되었고, triol계 사포닌인 ginsenosides Rg1 및 Re는 Rh1, Rg2로 전환되었다. 수삼에서의 환원당, 산성다당체 및 총 페놀 화합물 함량은 7회까지 유의적으로 증가하였고 8회부터 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거활성은 7회까지 점차적으로 감소하여 $IC_{50}$값이 68% 감소되는 것으로 나타났으며 7회부터 9회까지는 큰 유의적 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 본 자동 구중구포방법은 기존의 방법과 물질생성은 거의 비슷하지만 시간이 단축되고 벤조피렌 함량이 거의 검출되지 않아 앞으로 고부가가치 인삼산업에 많은 도움을 줄 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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