Research in Plant Disease (식물병연구)

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
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Functional Analysis of Bacillus subtilis Isolates and Biological Control of Red Pepper Powdery Mildew Using Bacillus subtilis R2-1

Bacillus subtilis 균주의 기능성 분석 및 이를 활용한 고추 흰가루병 방제

  • Kim, Yong-Ki (Organic Agriculture Division, Department of Agricultural Environment, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Hong, Sung-Jun (Organic Agriculture Division, Department of Agricultural Environment, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Shim, Chang-Ki (Organic Agriculture Division, Department of Agricultural Environment, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Min-Jeong (Organic Agriculture Division, Department of Agricultural Environment, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Choi, Eun-Jung (Organic Agriculture Division, Department of Agricultural Environment, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Min-Ho (Organic Agriculture Division, Department of Agricultural Environment, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Park, Jong-Ho (Organic Agriculture Division, Department of Agricultural Environment, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Han, Eun-Jung (Organic Agriculture Division, Department of Agricultural Environment, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • An, Nan-Hee (Organic Agriculture Division, Department of Agricultural Environment, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jee, Hyeong-Jin (Organic Agriculture Division, Department of Agricultural Environment, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
  • 김용기 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 홍성준 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 심창기 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 김민정 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 최은정 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 이민호 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 박종호 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 한은정 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 안난희 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 지형진 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과)
  • Received : 2012.09.12
  • Accepted : 2012.09.24
  • Published : 2012.09.30
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Abstract

The multi-function of 18 Bacillus subtilis isolates collected from agricultural extension centers of local government and National Academy of Agricultural Science was investigated by measuring their antifungal activities against five plant pathogens, such as Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum acutatum, Fusarium oxysporum, Magnaporthe oryzae and Phytophthora capsici, phosphorus solubilization ability, production of indole acetic acid (IAA) and siderophore, and nitrogen fixation. The B. subtilis isolates showed antifungal activity against several plant pathogens and nitrogen fixation activity, and produced siderophore and IAA. They could control pepper powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica), but there was no difference in control efficacy among the B. subtilis isolates. In fields, the control efficacy of B. subtilis R2-1 ($10^8$ cells/ml) was compared with two microbial fungicides, Q-pect and Topsid. In 2009, the control efficacy of B. subtilis R2-1 (37.7%) was lower than that of Topsid (47.6%), but higher than that of Q-pect (25.7%). In 2010, the control efficacy of B. subtilis R2-1 (83.3%) was higher than that of Topsid (67.9%). In order to elucidate mode of action of B. subtilis R2-1 for controlling pepper powdery mildew, spore germination rates of pepper powdery mildew pathogen collected on treated leaves was investigated when suspensions of B. subtilis R2-1 and two microbial fungicides (Q-pect and Topsid) were foliar-sprayed. They highly suppressed spore germination of the pathogen with inhibition values of 84.2% for B. subtilis R2-1, 97.9% for Q-pect and 94.7% for Topsid. Further study on the mass-culturing method and formulation is needed for development of a microbial fungicide.

지자체 농업기술센터와 농과원에서 수집한 18개의 Bacillus subtilis 균주들이 보유하고 있는 기능성을 구명하기 위하여 항균활성을 비롯한 사이데로포아 생산, 질소고정능력, 인산가용화 능력 및 오옥신 생성능력을 조사하였다. B. subtilis 균주들은 대부분 입고병균(R. solani), 고추 탄저병균(C. acutatum), 채소류 시들음병균(F. oxysporum), 벼도열병균(M. oryzae), 고추 역병균(P. capsici)에 대하여 항균활성을 보였다. 대부분의 균주가 Siderophore와 오옥신 생성능력을 보였으며 질소고정능력도 함께 보유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 인산가용화능은 조사한 Bacillus 속 균주 중 단 한 균주에서 활성을 보였다. 대부분의 B. subtilis 균주가 고추 흰가루병 억제효과를 보였으나, 균주 간에는 방제효과에 있어서 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. B. subtilis R2-1균주의 농업현장에서의 활용 가능성을 구명하기 위하여 2009년도에 강원도 화천의 유기재배농가에서 오이 흰가루병 방제용 미생물 농약으로 등록되어 사용되고 있는 '큐펙트'와 '탑시드'를 대조로 하여 방제효과를 검정하였다. 2009년도에 B. subtilis R2-1 처리시 방제효과는 37.7%로 '탑시드'(47.6%)보다는 낮았으나, '큐펙트'(25.7%)에 비해서는 높았다. 2010년도에는 B. subtilis R2-1의 고추 흰가루병 방제효과가 83.3%로 미생물 농약인 탑시드 보다도 높게 나타났다. B. subtilis R2-1균주의 발병억제 기작을 구명하기 위하여 B. subtilis R2-1균주와 미생물 농약(탑시드, 큐펙트)을 경엽 처리한 후 포자발아율을 계수한 결과, 미생물 농약인 큐펙트는 97.9%, 탑시드는 94.7% 억제하는데 비해서 B. subtilis R2-1균주는 84.2% 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 앞으로 B. subtilis R2-1을 고농도로 배양할 수 있는 대량배양기술을 개발하고 항균활성 기능이 잘 발현되도록 제형화한다면 생물농약으로의 개발이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

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