Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회지)

Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회)
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Variation of Soil Physical Characteristics by Drainage Improvement in Poorly Drained Sloping Paddy Field

배수불량 경사지 논 토양의 배수방법에 따른 토양 물리성 변화

  • 정기열 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부 잡곡과) ;
  • 윤을수 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부 잡곡과) ;
  • 박창영 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부 잡곡과) ;
  • 황재복 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부 잡곡과) ;
  • 최영대 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부 잡곡과) ;
  • 전승호 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부 잡곡과) ;
  • 이황아 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부 잡곡과)
  • Received : 2012.09.21
  • Accepted : 2012.10.15
  • Published : 2012.10.30
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Abstract

The lower portion of sloping paddy fields normally contains excessive moisture and the higher water table caused by the inflow of ground water from the upper part of the field resulting in non-uniform water content distribution. Four drainage methods namely Open Ditch, Vinyl Barrier, Pipe Drainage and Tube Bundle for multiple land use were installed within 1-m position from the lower edge of the upper embankment of sloping alluvial paddy fields. This study was conducted to evaluate soil physical characteristics by drainage improvement in poorly drained sloping paddy field. The results showed that subsurface drainage by Pipe Drainage improves the productivity of poorly drained soils by lowering the water table and improving root zone soil layer condition. In an Pipe drainage plot, soil moisture drained faster as compared to the other drainage methods. Infiltration rate showed high tendency to Piper Drainage method about $20.87mm\;hr^{-1}$ than in Open Ditch method $0.15mm\;hr^{-1}$. And Similarly soil water and degree of hardness and shear strength phase of soil profile showed a tendency to decrease. From the above results, we found that when an subsurface drainage was established with at 1m position from the lower edge paddy levee of the upper field in sloping poorly drained paddy fields Pipe Drainage was the most effective drainage system for multiple land use.

경사지 배수불량 논에서 밭작물의 안정적인 재배를 위한 배수개선 방법을 개발하기 위하여 논둑아래 기저부에 1열로 명거 (겉도랑 배수), 비닐차단막, 암거 (속도랑 배수), 관다발 등 네 가지 종류의 배수시설을 설치하여 배수개선 방법에 따른 토양의 물리적 특성변화를 비교 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 배수방법별 토양의 용적밀도는 배수방법 간에 큰 차이가 없었으나 집적층 (B층)의 투수력은 암거배수구가 $2.67cm\;hr^{-1}$로 가장 높았고 다음은 관다발배수 $1.53cm\;hr^{-1}$이었으며, 명거배수, 비닐차단막은 $0.8cm\;hr^{-1}$내외로 낮은 경향을 보였다. 경작층 (Ap)의 액상은 명거배수, 비닐차단막 처리구가 35% 내외로 높은 경향을 보였으나 암거배수구에서는 수분함량이 크게 감소되었다. 또한 암거배수구의 기상은 32 ~ 35% 내외로 명거배수, 비닐차단막, 관다발 처리구 17 ~ 20% 보다 상대적으로 높아 공극률이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 명거배수 처리구의 토색은 수분과다와 높은 지하수위로 환원작용이 일어나 회색을 보인 반면 암거배수구에서는 투수성 및 통기성이 증가하여 회색층의 토색이 명갈색을 변화되었고 환원층의 출현 깊이가 깊어지고 점차 층위분화가 진행됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 강우 후 토양 깊이별 수분함량 변화를 분석한 결과 명거배수 처리구의 표토에서는 7일이 경과하여야 토양수분이 30 mm이하로 감소되었으나 20 cm 이하의 깊이에서는 항상 수분이 과잉된 상태로 지속되는 경향을 보였다. 반면 암거 배수 처리구에서는 강우 후 5 일이 경과 후에 토양 30 cm 깊이까지 수분함량이 30 mm 이하로 감소되어 배수개선 효과가 가장 높았다. 따라서 "배수불량"인 경사지 논에서 논둑 밑 1열의 암거배수 시설 설치가 명거배수, 비닐차단막, 관다발 배수방법에 비해 토양의 물리성 개선효과가 높아 밭작물의 안정적인 생산과 농지자원의 이용전환 즉 논을 밭으로 이용해야 하는 범용농지 기반 조성을 위한 저비용의 실용적인 배수개선 방법으로 이용성이 높은 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

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