DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

INTRINSIC BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE OF COMPACT RADIO SOURCES AT 86GHZ

  • Received : 2013.09.13
  • Accepted : 2013.11.04
  • Published : 2013.12.31

Abstract

We present results on the intrinsic brightness temperature of a sample of compact radio sources observed at 86 GHz using the Global Millimeter VLBI Array. We use the observed brightness temperatures at 86 GHz and the observed superluminal motions at 15 GHz for the sample in order to constrain the characteristic intrinsic brightness temperature of the sample. With a statistical method for studying the intrinsic brightness temperatures of innermost jet cores of compact radio sources, assuming that all sources have the same intrinsic brightness temperature and the viewing angles of their jets are around the critical value for the maximal apparent speed, we find that sources in the sample have a characteristic intrinsic brightness temperature, $T_0=4.8^{+2.6}_{-1.5}{\times}10^9K$, which is lower than the equipartition temperature for the condition that the particle energy equals to the magnetic field energy. Our results suggest that the VLBI cores seen at 86 GHz may be representing a jet region where the magnetic field energy dominates the total energy in the jet.

Keywords

References

  1. Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Baughman, B. M., Bechtol, K., et al. 2010, A Change in the Optical Polarization Associated with a ${\gamma}$-Ray Flare in the Blazar 3C279, Nature, 463, 919 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08841
  2. Blandford, R. D., & K¨onigl, A. 1979, Relativistic Jets as Compact Radio Sources, ApJ, 232, 34 https://doi.org/10.1086/157262
  3. Burbidge, G. R., & Burbidge, E. M. 1957, The Sources of Radio Emission in NGC 5128 and NGC 1316, ApJ, 125, 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/146279
  4. Cohen, M. H., Lister, M. L., Homan, D. C., Kadler, M., Kellermann, K. I., Kovalev, Y. Y., & Vermeulen, R. C. 2007, Relativistic Beaming and the Intrinsic Properties of Extragalactic Radio Jets, ApJ, 658, 232 https://doi.org/10.1086/511063
  5. Croston, J. H., Hardcastle,M. J., Harris, D. E., Belsole, E., Birkinshaw, M., & Worrall, D. M. 2005, An XRay Study of Magnetic Field Strengths and Particle Content in the Lobes of FR II Radio Sources, ApJ, 626, 733 https://doi.org/10.1086/430170
  6. Homan, D. C., Lister, M. L., Kellermann, K. I., Cohen, M. H., Ros, E., Zensus, J. A., Kadler, M., & Vermeulen, R. C. 2003, Jet Collimation in Action: Realignment on Kiloparsec Scales in 3C 279, ApJ, 589, L9 https://doi.org/10.1086/375726
  7. Homan, D. C., Kovalev, Y. Y., Lister, M. L., Ros, E., Kellermann, K. I., Cohen, M. H., Vermeulen, R. C., Zensus, J. A., & Kadler, M. 2006, Intrinsic Brightness Temperatures of AGN Jets, ApJ, 642, L115 https://doi.org/10.1086/504715
  8. Hughes, P. A., & Miller, L. 1991, Introduction: Synchrotron and Inverse-Compton Radiation, Beams and Jets in Astrophysics, 1
  9. Kellermann, K. I., & Pauliny-Toth, I. I. K. 1985, The Spectra of Opaque Radio Sources, ApJ, 295, 358 https://doi.org/10.1086/163380
  10. Kellermann, K. I., Lister, M. L., Homan, D. C., Vermeulen, R. C., Cohen, M. H., Ros, E., Kadler, M., Zensus, J. A., & Kovalev, Y. Y. 2004, Sub-Milliarcsecond Imaging of Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei. III. Kinematics of Parsec-Scale Radio Jets, ApJ, 609, 539 https://doi.org/10.1086/421289
  11. Kovalev, Y. Y., Kellermann, K. I., Lister, M. L., Homan, D. C., Vermeulen, R. C., Cohen, M. H., Ros, E., Kadler, M., Lobanov, A. P., Zensus, J. A., Kardashev, N. S., Gurvits, L. I., Aller, M. F., & Aller, H. D. 2005, Sub-Milliarcsecond Imaging of Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei. IV. Fine-Scale Structure, AJ, 130, 2473 https://doi.org/10.1086/497430
  12. Lee, S.-S., Lobanov, A. P., Krichbaum, T. P., Witzel, A., Zensus, J. A., Bremer, M., Greve, A., & Grewing, M. 2008, A Global 86 GHz VLBI Survey of Compact Radio Sources, AJ, 136, 159 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/159
  13. Lind, K. R., & Blandford, R. D. 1985, Semidynamical Models of Radio Jets - Relativistic Beaming and Source Counts, ApJ, 295, 358 https://doi.org/10.1086/163380
  14. Lister, M. L., Cohen, M. H., Homan, D. C., Kadler, M., Kellermann, K. I., Kovalev, Y. Y., Ros, E., Savolainen, T., & Zensus, J. A. 2009, MOJAVE: Monitoring of Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei with VLBA Experiments. VI. Kinematics Analysis of a Complete Sample of Blazar Jets, AJ, 138, 1874 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/138/6/1874
  15. Lister, M. L., Aller, M. F., Aller, H. D., Homan, D. C., Kellermann, K. I., Kovalev, Y. Y., Pushkarev, A. B., Richards, J. L., Ros, E., & Savolainen, T. 2013, MOJAVE. X. Parsec-Scale Jet Orientation Variations and Superluminal Motion in AGN, AJ, in press (arXiv:1308.2713)
  16. Lobanov, A. P. 1998, Ultracompact Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei, A&A, 330, 79
  17. Lobanov, A. P., & Zensus, J. A. 2006, Extragalactic Relativistic Jets and Nuclear Regions in Galaxies, astro-ph/0606189
  18. Lobanov, A. P. 2007, Compact Jets as Probes for Sub- Parsec Scale Regions in AGN, Ap&SS, 311, 263 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-007-9530-8
  19. Marscher, A. P. 1990, Interpretation of Compact Jet Observations, Parsec-scale radio jets, ed. Zensus & Peason (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 236
  20. Marscher, A. P. 1995, Probes of the Inner Jets of Blazars, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 92, 11439
  21. Marscher, A. P. 2006, Relativistic Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei, AIP Conf. Proc. 856: Relativistic Jets: The Common Physics of AGN, Microquasars, and Gamma-Ray Bursts, 1
  22. Veron-Cetty, M.-P., & Veron, P. 2006, A Catalogue of Quasars and Active Nuclei: 12th Edition, A&A, 455, 773 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20065177
  23. Readhead, A. C. S. 1994, Equipartition Brightness Temperature and the Inverse Compton Catastrophe, ApJ, 426, 51 https://doi.org/10.1086/174038

Cited by

  1. MAGNETIZATION DEGREE AT THE JET BASE OF M87 DERIVED FROM THE EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE DATA: TESTING THE MAGNETICALLY DRIVEN JET PARADIGM vol.803, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/803/1/30
  2. ACCELERATION OF COMPACT RADIO JETS ON SUB-PARSEC SCALES vol.826, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/135
  3. PKS 1502+106: A high-redshiftFermiblazar at extreme angular resolution vol.586, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527225
  4. INTERFEROMETRIC MONITORING OF GAMMA-RAY BRIGHT AGNs. I. THE RESULTS OF SINGLE-EPOCH MULTIFREQUENCY OBSERVATIONS vol.227, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3847/0067-0049/227/1/8