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The Characteristic Study of the Microbial Habitat in the Muwisa Museum, Gangjin

강진 무위사 성보박물관 전시실의 미생물 서식환경 특성 연구

  • Seo, Min Seok (Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, Sun Myung (Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Hong, Jin Young (Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
  • 서민석 (국립문화재연구소 보존과학연구실) ;
  • 이선명 (국립문화재연구소 보존과학연구실) ;
  • 홍진영 (국립문화재연구소 보존과학연구실)
  • Received : 2013.10.11
  • Accepted : 2013.12.09
  • Published : 2013.12.20

Abstract

The exhibition hall of museum has been damaged by abundant dust and mold of the air in the room. Occurrence of microorganisms on the surface of the cultural heritage will cause damages such as coloration, materials degradation, deterioration, etc. In this study, we investigated the temperature/humidity and microbes distribution in exhibition hall, display showcase, and on surface of wall paintings in the Muwisa museum. From some samples collected in exhibition hall and display showcase, we identified so many varieties of micro-organisms such as Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp.. In particular, we could see a large number of microorganisms in the number 1, 2 exhibition hall compared with the number 3 exhibition hall. The results examining the distribution of the temperature and humidity were showed as $28{\pm}4^{\circ}C$ and 70~80%, respectively. The number 1 exhibition showcase was higher humidity environment than the number 2, 3 exhibition hall compared to the distribution ratio, which considered as correlation with the distribution of microorganism concentration. As these results, we understood that high temperature and humidity in the exhibition hall and display showcase of the Muwisa museum were characteristics caused by environmental management and hermetically-sealed rooms.

문화재를 보존, 보관, 전시하는 박물관의 전시실은 실내 공기에 부유하고 있는 먼지와 곰팡이로 인해 생물적 피해를 받는다. 미생물의 발생은 문화재 표면의 착색, 재질 분해, 변질 등의 손상을 야기한다. 본 연구에서는 무위사 성보박물관의 전시실, 전시진열장, 그리고 벽화 표면의 미생물 분포 상태와 온습도 분포 특성을 조사하였다. 전시실과 진열장에서 포집된 미생물을 동정한 결과, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp. 등 다양한 미생물이 동정되었다. 특히 1, 3 전시실은 2 전시실에 비해 미생물의 개체 수가 많은 것을 알 수 있었다. 3개 전시실 모두 온 습도 분포도를 살펴본 결과, 대부분이 $28{\pm}4^{\circ}C$의 높은 온도 분포와 70~80% 사이의 고습도 환경에서 높은 분포율을 나타냈다. 각 전시실의 진열장을 비교한 결과, 1 전시실의 진열장이 2, 3 전시실의 진열장에 비해 높은 습도환경 분포율을 보였는데, 이는 미생물 농도 분포와 상관성이 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 이와 같은 무위사 성보박물관 전시실 및 진열장 내부의 고온, 고습 환경의 분포는 근본적으로 전시실의 밀폐도와 환경관리 등에 의해 발생되는 특성임이 확인되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Kenzo, D., 2004, The Principle of Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage. Haneon, 160-240. (in Korean)
  2. Min, K.H., 1999, Impact on the Cultural Heritage of Microorganism. Cultural Properties Conservation Science Training Textbook, 342-351. (in Korean)
  3. Moon, H.J., Ryu, S.H. and Kim, S.K., 2012, Measurement and application of Hygrothermal Properties of Building Materials for Moisture and Biological Contaminations Control in Built Environment. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, 28, 227-234. (in Korean with English abstract)
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  2. Monitoring on Biological Distribution Around Historical Wooden Buildings Adjacent to River vol.33, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12654/JCS.2017.33.4.04