Adolescents' and Parental Knowledge, Health Beliefs Toward Hepatitis A Vaccination

청소년과 그들의 보호자를 대상으로 실시한 A형 간염 예방접종에 대한 지식 및 건강신념 연구

  • Yoon, Seo Hee (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Lee, Hyo Yeon (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Kim, Han Wool (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Kong, Kyoung Ae (Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Kyung-Hyo (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University)
  • 윤서희 (이화여자대학교 의학전문대학원 소아과학교실) ;
  • 이효연 (이화여자대학교 의학전문대학원 소아과학교실) ;
  • 김한울 (이화여자대학교 의학전문대학원 소아과학교실) ;
  • 공경애 (이화여자대학교 목동병원) ;
  • 김경효 (이화여자대학교 의학전문대학원 소아과학교실)
  • Received : 2013.03.29
  • Accepted : 2013.08.02
  • Published : 2013.12.25

Abstract

Purpose: Although the overall incidence of hepatitis A in Korea has been decreasing recently, the adolescents born before the introduction of the hepatitis A vaccine remain to be highly vulnerable to outbreak. This study examines the unvaccinated adolescents' and their parents' knowledge and health beliefs toward hepatitis A vaccination. Methods: Healthy adolescents aged 13-19 years old who had no previous history of hepatitis A vaccine and hepatitis A infection, and their parents or legal guardians were the subjects of the study. The survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model, and examined the subjects' demographics, knowledge, and health beliefs (i.e., perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers). Results: We included 157 adolescents and their parents/guardians (mean age: $16.0{\pm}1.6$ and $45.6{\pm}4.7$ years, respectively). The average knowledge item score for adolescents and parents was $6.4{\pm}3.7$ and $7.3{\pm}3.4$ (out of 18), respectively. Similarly, average Health Belief Model item scores were: susceptibility, $5.6{\pm}1.6$ and $5.9{\pm}1.7$ (range: 2-10); severity, $16.3{\pm}4.1$ and $18.3{\pm}3.6$ (range:5-25); benefits, $19.7{\pm}3.3$ and $20.6{\pm}2.1$ (range:5-25); and barriers, $41.3{\pm}8.9$ and $39.0{\pm}9.1$ (range:7-85). The major reason for not undergoing hepatitis A vaccination was lack of knowledge about its importance. Conclusions: Refresher health lectures about hepatitis A and the vaccine are needed by both the adolescents and their parents. Furthermore, the inclusion of hepatitis A vaccine in the national immunization program should be considered to reduce the risk of hepatitis A outbreak and to raise the vaccination coverage among the adolescents in Korea.

목적: 최근 과거에 비해 A형 간염 발생률이 감소하고 있으나, 예방접종 도입 이전에 출생한 청소년들은 A형 간염의 대량발생 위험성이 있다. 본 연구는 A형 간염 예방접종을 시행하지 않은 청소년과 그 부모를 대상으로 A형 간염 예방접종에 대한 지식과 건강신념을 조사하였다. 방법: 만 13-19세의 A형 간염 과거력이 없고 예방접종을 시행하지 않은 건강한 청소년들과 그들의 보호자들을 대상으로 건강신념모델에 근거한 구조화된 설문지를 통해 조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사는 대상자들의 일반적 특성과 A형 간염 및 A형 간염 예방접종에 대한 지식과 건강신념을 조사하였고, 건강신념은 민감성, 심각성, 유익성, 장애성의 4가지 항목으로 측정하였다. 결과: 총 314명(157쌍)의 청소년과 보호자들이 모집되었고, 청소년과 보호자의 평균 나이는 각각 $16.0{\pm}1.6$, $45.6{\pm}4.7$세였다. 대상자의 A형 간염 및 예방접종에 대한 지식점수는 청소년, 보호자 각각 18점 만점에 평균 $6.4{\pm}3.7$점, $7.3{\pm}3.4$점이었으며, A형 간염과 예방접종에 관한 건강신념 세부항목들의 평균점수는 청소년과 보호자 각각 다음과 같았다. 민감성 점수(점수범위: 2-10점)는 $5.6{\pm}1.6$점과 $5.9{\pm}1.7$점; 심각성 점수(점수범위: 5-25점)는 $16.3{\pm}4.1$점과 $18.3{\pm}3.6$점; 유익성 점수(점수범위: 5-25점)는 $19.7{\pm}3.3$점과 $20.6{\pm}2.1$점; 장애성 점수(점수범위: 17-85점)는 $41.3{\pm}8.9$점과 $39.0{\pm}9.1$점이었다. A형 간염 예방접종을 시행하지 않은 가장 주된 원인은 청소년과 보호자 모두 'A형 간염 예방접종을 해야한다는 것을 알지 못했다'를 가장 많이 선택하였다. 결론: 청소년층의 A형 간염 대유행의 위험을 낮추고 접종률을 높이는 방안으로서 보호자가 함께 참여하는 반복적인 학교 보건교육이 필요하며, A형 간염 예방접종의 국가필수예방접종 도입도 고려되어야 하겠다.

Keywords

References

  1. Franco E, Meleleo C, Serino L, Sorbara D, Zaratti L. Hepatitis A: Epidemiology and prevention in developing countries. World J Hepatol 2012;4:68-73. https://doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v4.i3.68
  2. Kang CI, Choi CM, Park TS, Lee DJ, Oh MD, Choe KW. Incidence and seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus infections among young Korean soldiers. J Korean Med Sci 2007;22:546-8. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2007.22.3.546
  3. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infectious disease web statistics. Available at http://stat.cdc.go.kr.
  4. Park JH. A study on mothers' knowledge, health beliefs and children's hepatitis A vaccination rate. Ph.D. dissertation, Division of Nursing Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 2011.
  5. Lee H, Cho HK, Kim JH, Kim KH. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A in Korea: changes over the past 30 years. J Korean Med Sci 2011;26:791-6. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2011.26.6.791
  6. Jeong SH. Hepatitis A vaccine. Hanyang Med Rev 2008;28:16-23.
  7. WHO position paper on hepatitis A vaccines. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2012;87:261-7.
  8. Kim JH. Recent epidemiological status and vaccination of hepatitis. J Korean Med Assoc 2008;51:110-8. https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2008.51.2.110
  9. Oh HY, Park JY. Immunization, knowledge, and preventive health behaviors to hepatitis A in university students. Korean J Health Educ Promot 2011;28:83-95.
  10. Korean Statistical Information Service. Available at http: //kosis.kr/gen_etl/start.jsp?orgId=314&tblId=DT_AGE_DEP_AGG_MONTH&conn_path=I2&path=NSI.
  11. Janz NK, Becker MH. The health belief model: a decade later. Health Educ Q 1984;11:1-47. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818401100101
  12. Jacobsen KH, Wiersma ST. Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence by age and world region, 1990 and 2005. Vaccine 2010;28:6653-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.037
  13. Martin A, Lemon SM. Hepatitis A virus: from discovery to vaccines. Hepatology 2006;43:S164-72. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21052
  14. Yoon HS. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis A virus infection in Korea during 2005-2010. Public Health Wkly Rep 2011;4:705-8.
  15. WHO. The global prevalence of hepatitis A virus infection and susceptibility: a systematic review. Available at http: //whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2010/WHO_IVB_10.01_eng.pdf.
  16. Kim YJ, Lee HS. Increasing incidence of hepatitis A in Korean adults. Intervirology 2010;53:10-4. https://doi.org/10.1159/000252778
  17. Lee D, Ki M, Lee A, Lee KR, Park HB, Kim CS, et al. A nationwide seroprevalence of total antibody to hepatitis A virus from 2005 to 2009: age and area-adjusted prevalence rates. Korean J Hepatol 2011;17:44-50. https://doi.org/10.3350/kjhep.2011.17.1.44
  18. Yun SW, Lee WK, Cho SY, Moon SH, Shin HD, Yun SY, et al. The seroprevalence rate, vaccination rate and seroconversion rate of hepatitis A in central region of Korea. Korean J Gastroenterol 2011;57:166-72. https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2011.57.3.166
  19. Halliday ML, Kang LY, Zhou TK, Hu MD, Pan QC, Fu TY, et al. An epidemic of hepatitis A attributable to the ingestion of raw clams in Shanghai, China. J Infect Dis 1991;164:852-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/164.5.852
  20. Fiore AE, Waseley A, Bell BP. Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. MMWR Recomm Rep 2006;55:1-23.
  21. Statistics Korea. Korean departures. Available at http://www.index.go.kr/egams/stts/jsp/potal/stts/PO_STTS_I dxMain.jsp?idx_cd=1655&bbs=INDX_001.
  22. Korean Statistical Information Service. Available at http: //kosis.kr/gen_etl/start.jsp?orgId=314&tblId=DT_AGE_DEP_AGG_MONTH&conn_path=I2&path=NSI.
  23. Statistics of Tourism. Available at http://stat.tour.go. kr/ptour1/index.do.
  24. Wasley A, Fiore A, Bell BP. Hepatitis A in the era of vaccination. Epidemiol Rev 2006;28:101-11. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxj012
  25. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Risk factors, mathematical modeling, and economic analysis for hepatitis A in Korea. Public Health Wkly Rep 2010;3:85-90.
  26. Bardenheier B, Gonzalez IM, Washington ML, Bell BP, Averhoff F, Massoudi MS, et al. Parental knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with not receiving hepatitis A vaccine in a demonstration project in Butte County, California. Pediatrics 2003;112:e269-74. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.4.e269
  27. Lee YE, Park JS, Choi EJ. The exact state of female high school students' knowledge about cervical cancer, human papillomavirus vaccination-related health belief and vaccination rate. J Korean Soc Matern Child Health 2013;17:27-37. https://doi.org/10.21896/jksmch.2013.17.1.27
  28. Lee HG. Pneumococcal vaccination coverage rate of children below 6 years and factors influencing parental decision making in South Korea. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Epidemiology and health informatics, Graduate school of public health, Korea University, Seoul 2008.
  29. Lee EJ, Kim HO. Effects of human papillomavirus vaccination education on college women's knowledge, health belief, and preventive behavior intention. J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41:715-23. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.5.715
  30. Ahn JG, Choi SY, Kim DS, Kim KH. A nationwide survey on the child day care and common infectious diseases. Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis 2012;19:19-27.
  31. Cha HG, Ryoo EN, Park SH. Factors affecting the intention of vaccination in parents with noncompliance of vaccination. Korean J Health Educ Promot 2012;29:89-96.