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The Behaviour of Residues of Flonicamid and Metabolites in Sweet peppers

착색단고추 중 플로니카미드 및 그 대사산물의 잔류특성

  • Son, Kyeong-Ae (Department of Agro-food safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kwon, Hyeyoung (Department of Agro-food safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jin, Yong-Duk (Department of Agro-food safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Park, Byeong Jun (Department of Agro-food safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Jinba (Department of Agro-food safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Park, Jung-Hwon (Korea Plants Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Taek-Kyum (Department of Agro-food safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Im, Geon-Jae (Department of Agro-food safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Key-Woon (Applied Biology and Chemistry Division, Kyungpook National University)
  • 손경애 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 권혜영 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 진용덕 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 박병준 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 김진배 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 박정훤 (식물환경연구소) ;
  • 김택겸 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 임건재 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 이기운 (경북대학교 농업생명과학대학)
  • Received : 2012.11.05
  • Accepted : 2013.07.03
  • Published : 2013.09.30

Abstract

Flonicamid was a water-soluble and systemic insecticide. It was applied to control neonicotinod pesticide-resistant cotton aphid in sweet peppers. However, the residue levels of total flonicamid in sweet pepper exported to Japan in 2009 were exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL). This study was conducted to elucidate residual properties of flonicamid parent compound and its metabolites in sweet peppers. It was carried out to compare the variation of residues in sweet pepper in three different greenhouses for 21 days after 3 times application with 7 days interval. The mean residues were 0.176, 0.152 and 0.108 mg $kg^{-1}$ and the residue levels in sweet pepper among three greenhouses show significant difference. The maximum residue levels were detected 10 days later after last treatments. The overall residue levels were lower than MRL 2.0 mg $kg^{-1}$ (by Korea) and 0.4 mg $kg^{-1}$ (by Japan in 2009 but now revised MRL is 2.0 mg $kg^{-1}$). But the residue level of total flonicamid at the 21th day after 3 times treatment with 7 days interval was 0.429 mg $kg^{-1}$ restricted by the application of double rate than recommended rate. The amounts of metabolites, TFNA, 4-Trifluoro methyl nicotinic acid and TFNG, N-(4-trifluoro methyl nicotinoyl) glycine were increased while flonicamid parent compound was decreased over time. Therefore the longer trial period should be needed for flonicamid in sweet peppers.

2009년 일본으로 수출된 착색단고추에서 flonicamid 성분이 일본 농약잔류허용기준을 초과한 사례가 발생되어 원인 구명을 위해 본 실험을 수행하였다. 농산물 중 flonicamid의 잔류분석 대상성분은 모화합물과 두 종류 대사산물 TFNG와 TFNA를 합한 값으로 표시한다. 착색단고추 중 flonicamid의 잔류특성을 밝히기 위해 재배농가 3곳을 선정하여 약제를 7일 간격 3회 살포 후 1~21일 경과시점의 잔류량을 조사하였다. 평균 잔류량은 0.176, 0.152, 0.108 mg $kg^{-1}$ 이였으며, 포장간 잔류량의 차이가 있었다. 초기 잔류량 보다 10일 이후 상대적으로 더 높은 잔류량을 유지하였으나 전반적인 잔류수준은 국내 잔류허용기준인 2.0 mg $kg^{-1}$, 2009년 기준 초과시 일본의 잔류허용기준인 0.4 mg $kg^{-1}$보다 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 살포 농도가 잔류량에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 추천 희석배수의 배량(1,500배)을 7일 간격 3회 살포한 후 total flonicamid의 잔류량을 조사하였는데 배량 살포구에서 21일차에 0.429 mg $kg^{-1}$이 검출되어 0.4 mg $kg^{-1}$을 초과하였다. 착색단고추 중 모화합물과 대사산물의 변화를 확인하기 위하여 약제 살포 후 1~49일 동안의 경시적 변화를 확인한 결과 모화합물은 1일차에 0.06 mg $kg^{-1}$으로 최고치를 보였으며 이후 지속적으로 감소되어 49일차에는 0.01 mg $kg^{-1}$ 미만이 검출된 반면 대사산물 TFNG와 TFNA는 1일차 각각 0.012, 0.007 mg $kg^{-1}$이 검출되었고 그 양은 점차 증가되어 49일차에 각각 0.163, 0.047 mg $kg^{-1}$이 검출되어 최고치를 보였다. 이는 glycine 구조를 가진 대사물 TFNG가 지속적으로 늘어나 최종 살포 후 49일 동안 열매 중 total flonicamid 잔류량이 크게 감소하지 않는 경향을 나타내었기 때문이다. 따라서 착색단고추의 flonicamid 잔류량 시험은 장기간 조사가 필요하였다.

Keywords

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  2. Effects of light shading and climatic conditions on the metabolic behavior of flonicamid in red bell pepper vol.188, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5142-5
  3. Simultaneous determination of flonicamid, imidacloprid, and its metabolites in paprika by QuEChERS and tandem mass spectrometry vol.58, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13765-015-0083-1
  4. Determination of flonicamid and its metabolites in bell pepper using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (Orbitrap) vol.33, pp.11, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2016.1232865