The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY (한국해양학회지:바다)

The Korean Society of Oceanography (한국해양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Temporal and Spatial Variability of Phytoplankton Communities in the Nakdong River Estuary and Coastal Area, 2011-2012

2011-2012년 낙동강 하구 및 연안역에서 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시·공간적 변화

  • 정미희 (국립수산과학원 수산해양종합정보과) ;
  • 윤석현 (국립수산과학원 수산해양종합정보과)
  • Received : 2013.10.28
  • Accepted : 2013.11.06
  • Published : 2013.11.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To understand the changing patterns in phytoplankton communities, we conducted 12 surveys along the Nakdong River, its estuary, and adjacent coastal areas between January 2011 and October 2012 (during the period of barrage construction and sediment dredging). Monthly precipitation ranged from 0 to 502 mm during the survey period, and salinity ranged between 0.1 psu and 0.3 psu in the Nakdong River, regardless of the depth, indicating no seawater influence, while salinity showed large seasonal fluctuations in the estuarine and coastal station, ranging from 0.1 psu to 34.8 psu. A total of 402 phytoplankton species were identified, 178 species from the river and 331 species from the estuary and coastal areas. Phytoplankton standing crop increased in 2012 compared to that in 2011, and was found to be highest in the river, followed by the estuary and coastal areas. Among the top 20 species in frequency of occurrence and dominance, Stephanodiscus spp., Aulacoseira granulata, and Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima and Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were important species along the river-estuary-coastal areas. Diatoms were the major taxonomic group inhabiting the Nakdong river-estuary-coastal areas. A comparison of seasonal dominant phytoplankton species revealed a slight decrease over the years, from 13 species in 2011 to 10 species in 2012. However, no significant difference was found in the diversity of phytoplankton species between the two survey years, although lightly greater diversity was observed in the coastal areas than in the river and estuary. Cluster analysis with community composition data revealed that the community structure varied significantly in 2011 depending on the time of survey, while in 2012, it hardly showed any variation and was simpler. An increase in the phytoplankton standing crop, fewer dominant species, and simpler community structure in 2012 compared to those in 2011 are probably due to the rapid environmental changes along the Nakdong River. To investigate these ecological relationships, it is necessary to conduct further studies focusing on integrated analyses of biocenosis, including phytoplankton with respect to the changes in nutrient distribution, variation of freshwater discharge, and effect area of freshwater in the Nakdong estuary and adjacent coastal areas.

상류지역의 보 건설과 준설작업이 이루어지고 있던 2011년 1월부터 2012년 10월까지 낙동강, 하구 및 연안역에 걸쳐 식물플랑크톤 군집의 변화양상을 이해하고자 14개 정점에서 총 12회의 조사를 실시하였다. 조사시기동안 낙동강 유역의 월 누적 강수량은 0~502mm 이었다. 강유역은 표 저층 모두에서 해수의 영향이 없었고, 하구역 정점에서는 0.1~34.8 psu의 범위로 강우의 영향으로 염분 변동폭이 컸으며, 연안역에서는 홍수기인 7-8월을 제외하고는 대부분 정점에서 30 psu이상의 염분 특성을 보였다. 식물플랑크톤은 총 402종이 분류 동정되었으며 강유역에서는 178종, 하구 및 연안역에서는 331종이 출현하였다. 식물플랑크톤 현존량은 강유역, 하구역, 연안역 순으로 감소하였으며, 2011년에 비해 2012년에 높게 나타났다. 출현빈도와 우점률 측면에서 전체 조사 수역의 상위 20종은 Stephanodiscus spp., Aulacoseira granulata, Aulacoseira var. angustissima, Pseudo-nitzschia spp.의 순었으며, 중요 분류군은 규조류인 것으로 나타났다. 계절별 각각의 정점에서 가장 우점비율이 높았던 종은 2011년(13종)에 비해 2012년(10종)에 다소 단순화되는 경향을 보였다. 식물플랑크톤 종다양성지수는 조사 연도별로는 큰 차이가 없었으나, 강 및 하구에 비해 연안이 다소 높은 것으로 나타났다. 유사도에 의한 군집분석을 이용해 식물플랑크톤의 군집변화를 살펴보면 2011년은 조사시기에 따라 다양한 군집구조가 나타난 반면 2012년은 군집구조의 변화가 크지 않고 단순화 된 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 2011년에 비해 전반적으로 높아진 식물플랑크톤의 현존량, 단순화된 우점종의 수 및 군집구조 등은 낙동강 유역의 급격한 환경변화로 인한 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서 다루지 못했던 낙동강-하구-연안의 영양염 분포, 담수유출 및 범위의 변화 등에 따른 식물플랑크톤을 포함한 생물군집의 통합적 분석이 함께 수행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Algaebase, www.algaebase.org.
  2. Choi, C.-M., J.-H. Choi, W.-I. Kim, J.-S. Lee, G.-B. Jung, J.-T. Lee and S.-G. Moon, 2007. Phytoplankton flora and community structure in the lower Nakdong river. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture, 26: 159-170 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2007.26.2.159
  3. Chung, I.K., Y.J. Kang, O.-S. Kwon and J.K. Seo, 2000. The ecology of phytoplankton in the Nakdong Estuary. Algae, 15: 99-110 (in Korean).
  4. Chung, M.H., H.S. Kim, C.I. Choi and S.J. Hwang, 2004. Phytoplankton and environmental factors in lake Hwaong. Korean J. Limnol., 37: 193-204 (in Korean).
  5. Chung, J., 1993. Illustration of the freshwater algae of Korea. Academic press, Seoul, 496pp.
  6. Cloern, J.E., A.E. Alpine, B.E. Cole, R.L.J. Wong, J.F. Arthur and M.D. Ball, 1983. River discharge controls phytoplankton dynamics in the northern San Francisco Bay Estuary. Estuarin, Coastal and Shelf Science, 16: 415-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(83)90103-8
  7. Cloern, J.E. and R. Dufford, 2005. Phytoplankton community ecology: principles applied in San Francisco Bay. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 285: 11-28. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps285011
  8. Han C.S., S.K. Park, S.W. Jung and T.Y. Roh, 2011. The study of salinity distribution at Nakdong river estuary. Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, 23: 101-108 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.9765/KSCOE.2011.23.1.101
  9. Harrison, P.J., H.L. Conway, R.W. Holmes and C.O. Davis, 1977. Marine diatoms in chemostats under silicate or ammonium limitation. III. Cellular chemical composition and morphology of three diatoms. Marine Biology, 43: 19-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00392568
  10. Hutchinson, G.E., 1961. The paradox of the plankton. Am. Nat., 95: 137-147. https://doi.org/10.1086/282171
  11. Huang, L., W. Jian, X. Song, X. Huang, S. Liu, P. Qian, K. Yin and M. Wu, 2004. Species diversity and distribution for phytoplankton of the Pearl River estuary during rainy and dry seasons. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 49: 588-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.03.015
  12. Isamu, Y., 1982. Illustrations of the marine plankton of Japan. Hoikusha Publishing, Osaka, 537 pp.
  13. Iwasaki, H., 1979. The physiological characteristics of neritic red tide flagellates. In Toxic dinoflagellates blooms, edited by Taylor, D.L. and H.H. Seliger. Elsevier, North Holland, pp. 95-98
  14. Jeong, D.H., H.H. Shin, S.W. Jung and D.I. Lim, 2013. Variations and characters of water quality during flood and dry seasons in the eastern coast of south sea, Korea. Korean J. Environ. Biol., 31: 19-36 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2013.31.1.019
  15. Kim, D.-K., K.-S. Jeong, P.A. Whighm and G-J. Joo, 2007. Winter diatom blooms in a regulated river in South Korea: explanations based on evolutionary computation. Freshwater Biology, 52: 2021-2041. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01804.x
  16. Kwon, K.-Y., P.-G. Lee, C. Park, C.H. Moon and M.O. Park, 2001. Biomass and species composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton along the salinity gradients in the Seomjin river estuary. The Sea, 6: 93-102 (in Korean).
  17. Lee, K.-H., B.-H. Rho, H.-J. Cho., and C-H. Lee, 2011. Estuary classification based on the characteristics of geomophological features, natural habitat distribution and land uses. The sea, 16: 53-69 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.7850/jkso.2011.16.2.053
  18. Marshall, H.G., R.V. Lacouture, C. Buchanan and J.M. Johnson, 2006. Phytoplankton assemblages associated with water quality and salinity regions in Chesapeake Bay, USA. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 69: 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.03.019
  19. Mizuno, T., 1964. Illustrations of the freshwater plankton of Japan. Hoikusha Publishing, Osaka, 351pp.
  20. Moon, C.H., and H-J. Choi, 1991. Studies on the environmental characteristics and phytoplankton community in the Nakdong river estuary. The Journal of the Oceanologica Society of Korea, 26: 144-154 (in Korean).
  21. Muylaert, K., K. Sabbe and W. Vyverman, 2009. Changes in phytoplankton diversity and community composition along the salinity gradient of the Schelde estuary (Belgium/The Netherlands). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 82: 335-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2009.01.024
  22. NFRDI. 2013. A white book on estury fishing ground. 290 pp.
  23. Nybakken, J.W., 1997. Marine biology: An ecological approach. Wesley Education Publishers Inc., 481pp.
  24. Park, S., H.-S. Yoon, I.-C. Lee, and H.-T. Kim, 2008. Correlation between meterorological factors and water dishcharged from the Nakdong river barrage, Korea. Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safty, 14: 111-117 (in Korean).
  25. Redfield, A.C., B.H. Ketchum, and A. Richards, 1963. The influence of organisms on the composition of sea water. In The Sea, Vol. 2., edited by Hill, M.M., Interscience, New York, pp. 26-77.
  26. Reynolds, C.S., 1983. A physiological interpretation of the dynamic responses of populations of a planktonic diatom to physical variability of the environment. New phytol., 95: 41-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1983.tb03467.x
  27. Round, F.E., R.M. Crawford and D.G. Mann, 1990. The diatoms: Biology & morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, U.K. 747 pp.
  28. Seike, Y., K. Kondo, Y. Date and Y. Ishida, 1986. Nitrogen metabolism in the brackish Lake Nakanoumi (I), Uptake rate of inorganic nitrogen by phytoplankton. Jpa. J. Limnol., 47: 121-132. https://doi.org/10.3739/rikusui.47.121
  29. Seo, J.K., and I.K. Chung, 1994. The phytoplankton community structure in the Nakdong river mouth. Korean J. Limnol., 27: 227-250.
  30. Seo, J.K., H.J. Lee and I.K. Chung, 2010. The community Dynamics of microbial food web during algal bloom by Stephanodiscus spp. in downstream of Nakdong river. Korean J. Environ. Biol., 28: 172-178 (in Korean).
  31. Sin, Y., Y. Lee., K. Cho, E. Song, 2005. Trends of phytoplankton community and water quality and implications for management in estuarine river systems. Korean J. Limnol., 38: 160-180 (in Korean).
  32. Shim, J.H., 1994. Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea. Vol. 34. Marine phytoplankton. Ministry of Education Republic of Korea, 487 pp. (in Korean).
  33. Telesh, I.V., 2004. Plankton Baltic estuarin ecosystems with emphasis on Neva Estuary: a review of present knowledge and research perspectives. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 49: 206-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.02.009
  34. Tomas, C.R., 1997. Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic press. 853 pp.
  35. UNESCO. 1978. Phytoplankton manual. UNESCO, UK, 337pp.
  36. Yoon, H.-S., C.-H. Yoon, C.-I. Yoo and J.-H. Park, 2010. Effects of Busan-Gimhae precipitation conditions on the real barrage discharge in the Nakdong river basin. Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, 16: 169-174 (in Korean).

Cited by

  1. Plankton Community Composition Related to Marine Environmental Factors in Haengam Bay vol.23, pp.12, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2014.23.12.2015
  2. The Characteristics of Spatio-temporal Distribution on Environmental Factors After Construction of Artificial Structure in the Nakdong River Estuary vol.20, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.7846/JKOSMEE.2017.20.1.1
  3. A Study of Variation Characteristics of the Phytoplankton Community by UPLC Located in the Jinju Bay, Korea vol.36, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2018.36.1.062