Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Characteristics of Aquatic Environment and Algal Bloom in a Small-scaled Agricultural Reservoir (Jundae Reservoir)

소규모 농업용 전대저수지의 수환경 변화와 조류발생 특성

  • Nam, Gui-Sook (Rural Research Institute, Korea Rural Community Corporation) ;
  • Lee, Eui-Haeng (Rural Research Institute, Korea Rural Community Corporation) ;
  • Kim, Mirinae (Rural Research Institute, Korea Rural Community Corporation) ;
  • Pae, Yo-Sup (Rural Research Institute, Korea Rural Community Corporation) ;
  • Eum, Han-Young (Rural Research Institute, Korea Rural Community Corporation)
  • 남귀숙 (한국농어촌공사 농어촌연구원) ;
  • 이의행 (한국농어촌공사 농어촌연구원) ;
  • 김미리내 (한국농어촌공사 농어촌연구원) ;
  • 배요섭 (한국농어촌공사 농어촌연구원) ;
  • 엄한용 (한국농어촌공사 농어촌연구원)
  • Received : 2013.11.06
  • Accepted : 2013.11.22
  • Published : 2013.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to identify the relationship between environmental factors and algal bloom, and provide information for efficient management based on the results of monitoring the environmental parameters and algal diversity in the Jundai reservoir from March 2011 to October 2013. Little change in the weather conditions was observed during the study period except for a slight decrease in rainfall. Concentration of TN and TP in the reservoir exceeded water quality standards for agriculture and significant correlation between algal growth and environmental factors was observed. Phytoplankton in Jundai reservoir included 6 classes, 40 genus, 62 species, and the phytoplankton abundance was in the range of $1.3{\times}10^4{\sim}2.8{\times}10^6$ cells $mL^{-1}$. The annual average of phytoplankton abundance and Chl-a gradually decreased as TN and TP concentrations decreased. Overall Anabaena sp., Oscillatoria sp., and Microcystis sp. were the dominant species in Jundai reservoir. As the water temperature increased, the dominant species were Anabaena sp., Microcystis sp. and Oscillatoria sp., in that order. Anabaena sp. was dominant from spring to early summer with increase in water temperature and pollutant concentrations, and high correlation with environmental factors was observed. Microcystis sp. was dominant depending on changes in the nutrient levels. In the case of Oscillatoria sp., there was no significant correlation between phytoplankton biomess and Chl-a. However, efficient management of water environment and practical control of algal bloom in small scale reservoir polluted by livestock and farm irrigation should be achieved by identification of the relationship between algal growth and environmental factors.

축산과 농경배수가 주요 오염원인 소규모 농업용 저수지, 전대저수지에서 2011년 3월부터 2013년 10월까지의 모니터링 결과를 바탕으로 수환경 변화와 조류발생 특성을 분석함으로써, 부영양화된 소형저수지에서의 수환경과 조류발생 (Algal bloom)과의 관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 2013년의 경우 전년에 비해 강우가 적은 사실을 제외하면 기상의 큰 변화는 없었다. 전대저수지의 TN, TP등 영양염류농도는 농업용수 수질기준을 초과하고 있으며 발생원인이 상이하였다. 조류발생과 수환경요인간의 상관관계가 많은 항목에서 중상관($r{\geq}0.25$)의 관계를 보여주어 부영양 호소에서 COD 발생과 조류발생이 매우 복합적으로 이루어짐을 짐작케 했다. 전대저수지에서 출현한 식물플랑크톤은 총 6과 40속 62종이었으며, 현존량은 $1.3{\times}10^4{\sim}2.8{\times}10^6$ cells $mL^{-1}$로 TN, TP의 농도 감소와 함께 식물플랑크톤의 현존량도 연차별로 점차 감소하였다. 주요 우점종은 남조류인 Anabaena sp., Oscillatoria sp., Microcystis sp. 등이었으며, Oscillatoria sp.의 우점빈도가 가장 높았다. 수온이 증가하면서 Anabaena sp., Microcystis sp., Oscillatoria sp. 순으로 우점종이 변화하였으며, TN이 높은 경우 Anabaena sp., TP가 높은 경우 Microcystis sp.가, TN과 TP가 낮은 경우 Oscillatoria sp.가 우점하였다. N/P ratio는 Anabaena sp. 우점시 가장 높았고, Oscillatoria sp. 우점시 가장 낮았다. Chl-a 농도는 Oscillatoria sp. 우점시 높게 나타나고, 식물플랑크톤 현존량은 Anabaena sp. 우점시 높게 나타났으며, Microcystis sp. 우점시에는 Chl-a와 현존량 모두 낮았다. 이를 통해, 오염이 심각한 소형저수지에서는 Microcystis sp.보다 Anabaena sp.와 Oscillatoria sp.에 의한 대발생이 주로 문제가 됨을 알 수 있었다. Anabaena sp.가 우점할 때는 수환경 요인간의 상관계수가 높아 예측과 관리에 활용이 가능한 반면 Oscillatoria sp. 우점시에는 Chl-a 상관성이 낮게 나타나는 등, 조류대발생을 신속하게 예측하고, 예방, 관리하기 위해서는 조류발생 환경과 원인종의 관계를 규명하고 이를 활용하는 방안이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. An KG and IC Shin. 2005. Influence of the asian monsoon on seasonal fluctuations of water quality in a mountainous stream. Korean J. Limnol. 38:54-62.
  2. An KG, JW Seo and SS Park. 2001. Influences of seasonal rainfall on physical, chemical and biological conditions near the intake tower of Taechung Reservoir. Korean J. Limnol. 34:327-336.
  3. APHA. 1995. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 19th eds., APHA-AWWA-WACF. New York.
  4. Berthouex, P. M., L. C. Brown. 1994. Statistics for Environmental Engineers, Lewis Publishers. pp.273-284.
  5. Faithful JW and DJ Griggiths. 2000. Turbid flow through a tropical reservoir (Lake Dalyymlpe, Queenland, Australia): Reponses to summer storm event. Lake Reserv. Manage. 5:231-247. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1770.2000.00123.x
  6. Fugimoto N and R Sudo. 1997. Nutrient-limited growth of Microcystis aeruginosa and Phormidium tenue and competition under variation N:P supply ratios and temperatures. Limnol. Oceonogr. 42:250-256. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1997.42.2.0250
  7. Heo WM, SY Kwon, YG Kim, WH Yih, BJ Lim and BC Kim. 2006. Spatial and temporal variations of environmental factors and phytoplankton community in lake Yongdam, Korea. Korean J. Limnol. 39:366-377.
  8. Horne AJ and CR Goldman. 1994. Limnology. McGrawhill Inc., New York.
  9. Kim BH. JY Chloi, SJ Hwang and MS Han. 2004. Influences of nutrient deficiency on the phytoplankton community in Pal'tang reservoir, Korea. Korean J. Limnol. 37:47-56.
  10. Kim ES, KB Sim, TS Kim, DH Jeong, JH Yoon, DK Kang and SD Kim. 2012. Comparative analysis on seasonal water quality factors in multipurpose dams and agricultural reservoirs. J. Korean Soc. Water Environ. 28:102-108.
  11. Kim HS and SJ Hwang. 2004. Analysis of eutrophication based on chlorophyll-a, depth and limnological characteristics in korean reservoirs. Korean J. Limnol. 37:213-226.
  12. Kim HS and SJ Hwang. 2004. Effects of nutrients and N/P ratio Stoichiometry on phytoplankton growth in an eutrophic reservoir. Korean J. Limnol. 37:36-46.
  13. Kim HS, SJ Hwang and DS Kong. 2007. Cyanobacterial development and succession and affecting factors in a eutrophic reservoir. Korean J. Limnol. 40:121-129.
  14. Kim HW, GH La, KS Jeong, JH Park, YJ Huh, SD Kim, JE Na, MH Jung and HY Lee. 2010. Assessing the plankton dynamics in lakes and reservoirs ecosystem in the southwestern parts of Korea. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 28:86-94.
  15. Kim JM, SN Heo, HR Noh, HJ Yang and MS Han. 2003. Relationship between limnological characteristics and algal bloom in lake-type and river-type reservoirs, Korea. Korean J. Limnol. 36:124-138.
  16. Kim MK, SH Lee and CH Lee. 2007. Changes of dominant species of phytoplanktons and hydrological causes of water bloom in the lake Unmun, Cheongdo-gun, Gyeonsangbukdo. Algae 22:261-271. https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2007.22.4.261
  17. Korea Rural Community Corporation, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. 2012a. Investigation report of water quality measurement network of agricultural water.
  18. Korea Rural Community Corporation, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. 2012b. Technical development for control of algal bloom using predators in the agricultural reservoir.
  19. Korea Water Resources corporation. 2000. Algae photo gallery of the dam reservoir. Academy Book.
  20. Kwon OK, JW Park, GY Chung, JE Lee and EW Seo. 2011. Effect of environmental factors on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa (cyanobacteria) in agricultural reservoirs. J. Life Sci. 21:1183-1189. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2011.21.8.1183
  21. Lee JH and M Chang. 1997. Environmental studies of the lower of Han river II. phytoplankton dynamics. Korean J. limnol. 30:193-202.
  22. Lee JM, JJ Lee, JG Park, JH Lee, CY Chang and SM Yoon. 2005. Zooplankton fauna and the interrelationship among cladoceran populations and Microcystis aeruginosa (cyanophyceae) during the cyanobacterial blooming season at Daecheong lake, south Korea. Korean J. Limnol. 38:146-159.
  23. Lee JY, JH Lee, KH Shin, SJ Hwang and KG An. 2007. Trophic state and water quality characteristics of Korean agricultural resevoirs. Korean J. Limnol. 40:223-233.
  24. Ministry of Environment. 2012. Standard method, quality test of water.
  25. Paerl HW, RS Fulton, PH Moisander and J Dyble. 2001. Harmful freshwater algal blooms, with an emphasis on cyanobacteria. Scientific World J. 1:76-113. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.138
  26. Reynolds CS. 1984. The ecology of frechwater phytoplankton. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  27. Reynolds CS, SW Wiserman, BM Godfrey and C Butterwick. 1983. Some effects of artificial mixing on the dynamics of phytoplankton populations in large limnetic enclosures. J. Plankton Res. 5:203-234. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/5.2.203
  28. Smith VH. 1983. Low nitrogen to phosphorus ratios favor fominance by blue-green algae in lake phytoplankton. Science 221:669-671. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.221.4611.669
  29. Smith VH, E Willen and B Karlsson. 1987. Predicting the summer peak biomass of four species of blue-green algae (cyanophyta/cyanobacteria) in swedish lakes. Water Resour. Bull. 23:397-402. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00818.x
  30. Takamura N and MM Watanabe. 1987. Seasonal changes in the biomass of four species of Microcystis in lake Kasumigaura. Jpn. J. Limnol. 48:139-144. https://doi.org/10.3739/rikusui.48.Special_139
  31. Uhm SH and SJ Hwang. 2006. Grazing relationship between phytoplankton and zooplankton in lake Paldang ecosystem. Korean J. Limnol. 39:390-401.
  32. Xie L, P Xie, S Li, H Tang and H Liu. 2003. The low TN:TP ratio, a cause or a result of microcystis bloom?. Water Res. 37:2073-2080. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00532-8
  33. Yoon CG, SB Lee, KW Jung and JY Han. 2007. Analysis of relationship between water quality parameter in agricultural irrigation reservoir and land uses of associated watersheds. Korean J. Limnol. 40:31-39.
  34. Youn SJ, HK Park and KA Shin. 2010. Dynamics of phytoplankton communities of major dam reservoir in Han river system. J. Korean Soc. Water Environ. 26:317-325.