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Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Korean Grains and Their Simultaneous Analysis

한국산 곡류에서의 곰팡이독소 오염현황 및 동시분석

  • Kim, Dong-Ho (National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service) ;
  • Jang, Han-Sub (National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service) ;
  • Choi, Gyu-Il (National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service) ;
  • Kim, Hyun-Jung (National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service) ;
  • Kim, Ho-Jin (National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service) ;
  • Kim, Hyo-Lin (National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service) ;
  • Cho, Hyun-Jung (National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service) ;
  • Lee, Chan (Chung-Ang University)
  • Received : 2012.07.31
  • Accepted : 2012.11.07
  • Published : 2013.02.28

Abstract

Eleven mycotoxins, including aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, fumonisins, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol, and HT-2 toxin, were analyzed simultaneously in rice, barley, and maize produced in 2011 by liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Limits of detection (LOD) are 0.2 ${\mu}g/kg$ for aflatoxin $B_1$, and $G_1$, 0.3 ${\mu}g/kg$ for aflatoxins $B_2$, and $G_2$, 0.1 ${\mu}g/kg$ for ochratoxin, fumonisins, zearalenone, and T-2 toxin and 3.0 ${\mu}g/kg$ for deoxynivalenol and HT-2 toxin. Limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.6 ${\mu}g/kg$ for aflatoxins $B_1$, and $G_1$, 0.9 ${\mu}g/kg$ for aflatoxins $B_2$, and $G_2$, 0.3 ${\mu}g/kg$ for ochratoxin, fumonisins, zearalenone, and T-2 toxin and 10.0 ${\mu}g/kg$ for deoxynivalenol and HT-2 toxin. Recoveries for 11 mycotoxins ranged from 70.45 to 111.11%. Fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, and zaeralenone were detected from 0.9 to 334.0 ${\mu}g/kg$ in the polished rice, barley and raw corn cultivated in Korea. Other mycotoxins were not detected. Deoxynivalenol contamination was mainly found in barley (24 out of 43 samples) and the average value in positive samples was 113.30 ${\mu}g/kg$.

11종(아플라톡신 $B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, $G_2$, 오크라톡신 A, 푸모니신 $B_1$, $B_2$, 제랄레논, 데옥시니발레놀, T-2 toxin과 HT-2 toxin) 곰팡이독소 동시분석법을 정립하였다. 1/6 면역친화컬럼을 이용하여 정제하였으며, LC/MS/MS로 분석하였다. 각각 독소별 정성한계는 S/N=3에서 0.1-3.0 ${\mu}g/kg$이었으며, 정량한계는 S/N=10에서 0.3-10.0 ${\mu}g/kg$이었다. 회수율(recovery)은 70.45-111.11%이었으며, 상대표준편차(RSD)는 0.10-14.45%로 나타났다. 동 분석법을 이용하여 대표적인 한국산 농산물인 백미, 보리, 옥수수에 대한 곰팡이독소 오염실태를 조사하였다. 푸모니신, 데옥시니발레놀, 제랄레논이 백미와 보리에서 각각 평균 29.8, 6.4, 36.2%와 2.3, 55.8, 34.9%의 평균 오염율을 보였으며, 다른 독소들은 나타나지 않았다. 옥수수에서는 1개의 시료에서 푸모니신($B_1+B_2$)이 100.90 ${\mu}g/kg$ 검출되었다. 하지만, 곰팡이독소 오염 수준은 현재 우리나라 각 곰팡이독소 허용 최대기준치 이내로 나타났다. 한편, 벼의 가공단계, 재배지역, 벼 품종 및 품질 등급에 따른 곰팡이독소 오염현황을 비교하였다. 벼에서 현미, 백미로 가공될수록 곰팡이독소 오염도는 감소하였다. 동일 품종의 경우에 상대적으로 기온이 높은, 낮은 위도의 지역에서 재배된 벼가 곰팡이독소가 많이 오염된 것으로 나타났으며, 벼의 품질 등급이 낮아질수록 높은 곰팡이독소 오염도를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 종합적으로 살펴보았을 때 국내산 주요 농산물의 곰팡이독소 오염수준이나 위해도가 기준치 이내이며, 위험한 수준은 아닌 것으로 판단된다. 그러나, 곰팡이독소는 코덱스 등 국제사회에서 중요하게 다루어지고 있고, 현재까지 알려지지 않은 위험성이나 신규 독소들에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있는 만큼 우리나라도 충분한 연구를 통하여 우리 식품에 대한 안전성 논란에 사전 대비토록 하여야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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