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Comparison of Growth Period and Local Climate for 'Hongro' Apple Orchards Located at Different Altitudes in Jangsu-Gun

장수군의 해발고도별 '홍로' 사과원의 미기상 및 생육기 비교

  • Song, Ju-Hee (Jangsu Agricultural Technique Center) ;
  • Seo, Byung Sun (Jangsu Agricultural Technique Center) ;
  • Choi, Dong Geun (Department of Horticultural Science, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Choi, In Myung (Agricultural Research Center for Climate Change, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Kang, In-Kyu (Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Guak, Sunghee (Department of Horticultural Science, Chonbuk National University)
  • Received : 2011.08.31
  • Accepted : 2013.01.07
  • Published : 2013.03.30

Abstract

This study was conducted to compare the local climate conditions and growth periods for the apple (Malus domestica 'Borkh') orchards at different altitudes (330, 500, and 670 m) in Jangsu-Gun, Korea. Observation data for the growth period show that the monthly mean air temperatures at the 'Hongro' apple orchard sites decrease with height at the rate of 1.0 to $3.0^{\circ}C$/100 m. The monthly minimum temperatures in April (blooming period for 'Hongro' apple) were 4.3, 2.9, and $0.4^{\circ}C$ at 330, 500, and 670 m, respectively. The monthly mean temperatures in September (i.e., the coloration and maturation period) were 20.6, 18.7, and $14.5^{\circ}C$, respectively. The annual precipitation range varied from 1,234 to 1,439 mm, which tended to increase with height. The heavy rainfall occurred in summer (June to August) and amounted to 827-933 mm. No significant differences in the duration of sunshine were observed amongst the orchards at three different altitudes. The earliest bud break was observed at the 330 m altitude (18 March 2009), which was 4 and 11 days earlier in comparison to those at 500 and 670 m, respectively. The time of full bloom at 330 m was 12 days ahead of that at 670 m. The optimal maturation of fruit (based on skin redness > 80%) was observed between 7 and 10 September at 330 m, 15 and 18 September at 500 m, and 21 and 23 September at 670 m.

전라북도 장수지역 사과 재배지의 지형적 특성과 '홍로' 사과 재배지를 고도 별(해발 330m, 500m, 670m)로 선정하여 기온, 강수량 및 일조시간 등 국지기후 환경의 차이를 비교 하였다. '홍로' 사과 재배지의 평균기온은 해발 330m, 500m, 670m 지대에서 고도가 높아질수록 $1.0{\sim}3.0^{\circ}C$/100m 정도씩 낮아지고, 특히 '홍로' 사과가 개화하는 4월 중의 최저기온은 해발 330m와 500m, 670m 지대에서 각각 $4.26^{\circ}C$$2.86^{\circ}C$, $0.39^{\circ}C$로 낮았다. 착색 성숙기인 9월의 평균기온은 해발 330m, 500m, 670m 지대에서 $20.6.^{\circ}C$, $18.7^{\circ}C$, $14.5^{\circ}C$로 고도가 높아질수록 온도는 낮아졌다. 고도 별 연간 강수량은 1,234~1,438mm로 고도가 높아질수록 많아지는 경향이었고 6월~8월 사이에 고도별로 827~933mm로 강우가 집중되었다. '홍로' 사과 생육기중 총 일조시간은 고도 별로 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 고도 별 미기상 환경의 차이로 인해 발아기는 고도가 올라갈수록 4~5일간의 차이로 늦어졌고, 개화기는 2~3간의 차이가 나타났으며, '홍로'사과의 만개기는 330m와 670간에 12일간의 차이가 나타났다. 또한, 과피색을 기준으로 적숙기는 고도 330m는 9월 7~10일이었고, 500m는 이보다 5~8일 늦었고, 670m는 330m보다 13~14일이 늦었다.

Keywords

References

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